Physical growth and dietary characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study

LIN Shuang; WU Dan-Dan; CHEN Shu-Jin; YAN Wu; DOU Li-Hua; LI Xiao-Nan

doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2301052

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Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (7) : 711-717. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2301052

CLINICAL RESEARCH

Physical growth and dietary characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study

LIN Shuang, WU Dan-Dan, CHEN Shu-Jin, YAN Wu, DOU Li-Hua, LI Xiao-Nan

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Abstract

Objective To investigate the physical growth and dietary characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to analyze their relationship with core symptoms of ADHD. Methods A total of 268 children who were newly diagnosed with ADHD in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June to December 2020 were included in the ADHD group, and 102 healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Physical evaluations and dietary surveys were conducted for both groups. ADHD diagnosis and scoring were performed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). Factor analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and mediation analysis were used to study the relationship between core symptoms of ADHD, dietary patterns, and physical growth. Results The rate of overweight/obesity in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (35.8% vs 21.6%, P<0.05). Three dietary patterns were extracted from the food frequency questionnaire: vegetarian dietary pattern, traditional dietary pattern, and snack/fast food pattern. The factor score for the snack/fast food pattern in the ADHD group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between ADHD symptom scores, snack/fast food pattern factor scores, and body fat percentage (P<0.05). The mediation analysis showed that the snack/fast food pattern played a partial mediating role in the relationship between ADHD symptom scores and body fat percentage, with a mediation proportion of 26.66%. Conclusions The rate of overweight/obesity in children with ADHD is higher than that in non-ADHD children. Core symptoms of ADHD are related to dietary patterns and physical growth, with the snack/fast food pattern playing a partial mediating role in the relationship between core symptoms of ADHD and physical growth.

Key words

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / Physical growth / Dietary pattern / Factor analysis / Mediation analysis / Child

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LIN Shuang, WU Dan-Dan, CHEN Shu-Jin, YAN Wu, DOU Li-Hua, LI Xiao-Nan. Physical growth and dietary characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional study[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2023, 25(7): 711-717 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2301052

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