目的 通过比较难治性肺炎支原体肺炎（RMPP）和一般肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）患儿临床特征的差异，旨在为儿童RMPP的早诊断、早治疗提供科学依据。方法 选取2015年10月至2016年12月期间MPP住院患儿703例为研究对象。根据诊断标准将患儿分为RMPP组（n=152）和MPP组（n=551）。对两组患儿在基本情况、临床表现、感染指标和心肌酶谱上的差异进行统计学比较分析。结果 两组患儿性别构成及年龄比较差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。RMPP组入院第1天的热峰高于MPP组（P < 0.01）；听诊哮鸣音的比例则低于MPP组（P=0.009）。RMPP组的中性粒细胞百分比和降钙素原水平均高于MPP组（P < 0.05）；淋巴细胞百分比明显低于MPP组（P < 0.05）。RMPP组的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平均高于MPP组（P < 0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，热峰和LDH水平与儿童RMPP密切相关（P < 0.05）。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析结果显示，热峰和LDH诊断儿童RMPP的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.647和0.637。在 ≤ 2岁患儿中，当临界值取LDH为400 U/L时，诊断儿童RMPP的灵敏度为52.63%，特异度为54.84%；在 > 2岁患儿中，当临界值取LDH为335 U/L时，诊断儿童RMPP的灵敏度为69.92%，特异度为51.55%。结论 RMPP患儿早期高热，且伴随多种实验室指标异常；尤其在 > 2岁患儿中，血清LDH水平升高对儿童RMPP具有较高的早期临床诊断价值。

Objective To provide a basis for early diagnosis and treatment of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) in children by comparing the clinical characteristics of RMPP and general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).Methods Children with MPP hospitalized between October 2015 and December 2016 were selected as study subjects. According to the diagnostic criteria, children were divided into RMPP group (n=152) and MPP group (n=551). The differences between the two groups in the basic situation, clinical manifestations, infection parameters and myocardial enzymes were compared.Results There were no significant differences in gender and age between the RMPP and MPP groups (P>0.05). The peak temperature in the RMPP group was significantly higher than that in the MPP group on the first day of admission (P<0.01). The percentage of children with augmentation in the RMPP group was lower than that in the MPP group (P=0.009). The percentage of neutrophils [Ne (%)] and serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in the RMPP group were both higher than those in the MPP group (P<0.05), while the percentage of lymphocytes was significantly lower in the RMPP group (P<0.05). The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the RMPP group were also higher than those in the MPP group (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the peak temperature and LDH were closely related to RMPP in children (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the peak temperature and LDH for the diagnosis of RMPP was 0.647 and 0.637 respectively. In children ≤ 2 years old, when the threshold value of LDH was 400 U/L, the diagnostic sensitivity was 52.63% and the specificity was 54.84%. In children above 2 years old, when the threshold value of LDH was 335 U/L, the diagnostic sensitivity was 69.92% and the specificity was 51.55%.Conclusions The children with RMPP have a high fever in the early stage. Meanwhile there are abnormal laboratory test results in these children. Elevated serum LDH levels have a high clinical value of early diagnosis of RMPP, especially in children above 2 years.