Effect of increasing the intensity of chemotherapy on the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with IKZF1 deletion
ZHENG Yong-Zhi, LI Jian, LE Shao-Hua, ZHENG Hao, HUA Xue-Ling, CHEN Zai-Sheng, HU Jian-Da
Department of Pediatric Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
Abstract:Objective To study the clinical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children with IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1) deletion, and to observe the effect of increasing the intensity of chemotherapy on the prognosis of this disease. Methods A total of 278 children diagnosed with ALL between December 2015 and February 2018 were systematically treated according to the Chinese Children's Leukemia Group-ALL 2008 protocol (CCLG-ALL 2008). The patients were divided into an IKZF1-deleted group and a control group according to the presence or absence of IKZF1. The IKZF1-deleted group was treated with the regimen for high-risk group (HR) in the CCLG-ALL 2008 protocol, while the control group received different intensities of chemotherapy according to clinical risk classification. The clinical features and event-free survival rate (EFS) were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 24 (8.6%) cases of 278 children were found to have large deletions of exons of the IKZF1 gene. The IKZF1-deleted group had significantly higher proportions of cases with white blood cell count ≥ 50×109/L at initial diagnosis, BCR-ABL1 fusion gene positive, minimal residual disease ≥ 10% on the 15th day of induction remission treatment, minimal residual disease-high risk and clinical risk classification-high risk compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The 3-year EFS rate (76%±10%) in the IKZF1-deleted group was lower than that in the control group (84%±4%), but with no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.282). The estimated 3-year EFS rate in the IKZF1-deleted-non-HR group (actually treated with the chemotherapy regimen for HR in the CCLG-ALL 2008 protocol) was 82%±12%, which was lower than that in the control-non-HR group (86%±5%), but there was no significant difference (P=0.436). Conclusions ALL children with IKZF1 deletion have worse early treatment response, and increasing the intensity of chemotherapy might improve the prognosis.
ZHENG Yong-Zhi,LI Jian,LE Shao-Hua et al. Effect of increasing the intensity of chemotherapy on the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with IKZF1 deletion[J]. CJCP, 2019, 21(7): 690-695.
Dörge P, Meissner B, Zimmermann M, et al. IKZF1 deletion is an independent predictor of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the ALL-BFM 2000 protocol[J]. Haematologica, 2013, 98(3):428-432.
[2]
Jia M, Wang ZJ, Li JY, et al. The impact of IKZF1 deletion on the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia:an updated meta-analysis[J]. Cancer Biomark, 2014, 14(6):493-503.
[3]
Clappier E, Grardel N, Bakkus M, et al. IKZF1 deletion is an independent prognostic marker in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and distinguishes patients benefiting from pulses during maintenance therapy:results of the EORTC Children's Leukemia Group study 58951[J]. Leukemia, 2015, 29(11):2154-2161.
[4]
Yeoh AEJ, Lu Y, Chin WHN, et al. Intensifying treatment of childhood B-lymphoblastic leukemia with IKZF1 deletion reduces relapse and improves overall survival:results of Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2010 Study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(26):2726-2735.
Olsson L, Johansson B. Ikaros and leukaemia[J]. Br J Haematol, 2015, 169(4):479-491.
[7]
Marke R, Havinga J, Cloos J, et al. Tumor suppressor IKZF1 mediates glucocorticoid resistance in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. Leukemia, 2016, 30(7):1599-1603.
[8]
Churchman ML, Low J, Qu C, et al. Efficacy of retinoids in IKZF1-mutated BCR-ABL1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. Cancer Cell, 2015, 28(3):343-356.
[9]
Marke R, van Leeuwen FN, Scheijen B. The many faces of IKZF1 in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. Haematologica, 2018, 103(4):565-574.
[10]
Martinelli G, Iacobucci I, Storlazzi CT, et al. IKZF1(Ikaros) deletions in BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia are associated with short disease-free survival and high rate of cumulative incidence of relapse:a GIMEMA AL WP report[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(31):5202-5207.
[11]
Boer JM, van der Veer A, Rizopoulos D, et al. Prognostic value of rare IKZF1 deletion in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia:an international collaborative study[J]. Leukemia, 2016, 30(1):32-38.
[12]
Mullighan CG, Su X, Zhang J, et al. Deletion of IKZF1 and prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(5):470-480.
[13]
Mullighan CG, Miller CB, Radtke I, et al. BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia is characterized by the deletion of Ikaros[J]. Nature, 2008, 453(7191):110-114.
[14]
Iacobucci I, Storlazzi CT, Cilloni D, et al. Identification and molecular characterization of recurrent genomic deletions on 7p12 in the IKZF1 gene in a large cohort of BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients:on behalf of Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto Acute Leukemia Working Party (GIMEMA AL WP)[J]. Blood, 2009, 114(10):2159-2167.
[15]
Volejnikova J, Mejstrikova E, Dörge P, et al. Ikaros (IKZF1) alterations and minimal residual disease at day 15 assessed by flow cytometry predict prognosis of childhood BCR/ABL-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2013, 60(3):420-427.
[16]
Górniak P, Pastorczak A, Zalewska-Szewczyk B, et al. Polymorphism in IKZF1 gene affects age at onset of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. Leuk Lymphoma, 2014, 55(9):2174-2178.
[17]
Olsson L, Ivanov Öfverholm I, Norén-Nyström U, et al. The clinical impact of IKZF1 deletions in paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is independent of minimal residual disease stratification in Nordic Society for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology treatment protocols used between 1992 and 2013[J]. Br J Haematol, 2015, 170(6):847-858.
[18]
Stanulla M, Dagdan E, Zaliova M, et al. IKZF1plus defines a new minimal residual disease-dependent very-poor prognostic profile in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(12):1240-1249.