CJCP
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2013 Vol.  15 No.  2
Published: 2013-02-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
CASE REPORT
REVIEW
CLINICAL RESEARCH
81 LIU Yun-Feng, TONG Xiao-Mei, ZHENG Fang-Yuan, PIAO Mei-Hua, NING Yong-Zhong
Physiological changes in serum procalcitonin concentrations in premature infants early after birth
OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations in premature infants with different gestational ages at different times after birth. METHODS: A total of 217 neonates without infection, including 102 premature infants and 115 full-term infants, were enrolled in this study. The premature infants were further divided by gestational age into three subgroups: 30-32 weeks (n=30), 33-34 weeks (n=35) and 35-36 weeks (n=37). All the infants were studied to evaluate serum PCT concentrations at 0-12, 13-24, 25-36, 37-48, 49-72, 73-96, 97-120 and 121-144 hours after birth. RESULTS: In the newborns, serum PCT concentrations increased gradually after birth, reached peak values at about 24 hours after birth, and then gradually declined and dropped to normal values for children at about 96 hours after birth. In the premature infants, serum PCT concentrations reached peak values at about 36 hours after birth, later than in the full-term infants, then declined slowly and dropped to levels similar to the full-term infants at 96 hours after birth. Serum PCT concentrations in the 30-32 week subgroup remained at low levels after birth, and increased gradually, later than in other premature infants, at 37-48 hours after birth. CONCLUSIONS: Early after birth, neonates have a changing serum PCT concentration, increasing first and then decreasing. Peak serum PCT levels appear later in premature infants than in full-term infants. Serum PCT concentrations of premature infants with a gestational age of under 32 weeks remain at relatively low levels within 36 hours after birth.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 81-84 [Abstract] ( 6386 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1107KB] ( 1738 )
85 ZHANG Lin, YU Qiang, GUO Kuan-Peng, YI Su-Wu, LI Sai, MO Li-Ya
Role of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in children
OBJECTIVE: To study the role of procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical records of children aged under 3 years who were diagnosed with primary urinary tract infection (UTI) from September 2011 to February 2012. These children were divided into those with upper UTI (UUTI) (APN) and those with lower UTI (LUTI) (non-APN) based on 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan results as a gold standard. The UUTI and LUTI groups were compared in terms of serum levels of PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the diagnostic values of serum PCT and CRP. RESULTS: Sixty-five children with UTI, including 39 cases of APN and 26 cases of LUTI, were included in this study. The APN cases had significantly higher serum levels of PCT (3.08 ng/mL vs 0.37 ng/Ml; P<0.01) and CRP (6.25 mg/L vs 3.01 mg/L; P<0.01) than the LUTI cases. The sensitivity and specificity of serum PCT level for APN were 84.6% and 88.5%, respectively, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.873 (95%CI=0.781-0.965) and an optimal threshold point of 1.03 ng/mL. The sensitivity and specificity of serum CRP level for APN were 71.8% and 69.2%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.735 (95%CI=0.612-0.858) and an optimal threshold point of 3.91 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of its high sensitivity and specificity for the disease, serum PCT can be used as a marker in the early diagnosis of APN in children.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 85-87 [Abstract] ( 6560 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 917KB] ( 1352 )
88 WANG Jian-Jun, SHI Yan-Ping, HUANG Yue, WU Chun, LI Xu-Chang
Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms with Henoch-Sch-nlein purpura nephritis in children

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-308G/A gene polymorphisms with Henoch-Sch-nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in children. METHODS: Using the direct DNA sequencing method, polymorphisms in the TNF-α promoter region (-308) were genotyped in 110 Han children with Henoch-Sch-nlein purpura (HSP group), including 52 children with nephritis and 58 children without nephritis. Plasma TNF-α levels were measured using ELISA. Ninety ethnically matched healthy children were used as the control group. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the polymorphisms of TNF-α (-308G/A) between the HSP and control groups (P>0.05). The GA genotype (29% vs 10%) and A allele frequency (18% vs 7%) in HSP children with nephritis (HSPN) were more common than in those without nephritis (P<0.05). Plasma TNF-α levels in HSPN children with GA+AA genotype (7.1±2.3 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those with GG genotype (5.7±1.5 pg/mL) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TNF-α-308GA genotype and A allele may contribute to the increased risk for the development of nephritis in children with HSP.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 88-90 [Abstract] ( 6615 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1023KB] ( 1533 )
91 KUANG Wen-Yong, ZHENG Min-Cui, ZHANG Guang-Sen, SONG Guo-Cai, LI Wan-Li, YANG Hai-Xia, JIANG Xiao-Mei, ZHANG Ben-Shan, WU Pan, GU Yan-Yan
Effect of glucocorticoid on dendritic cells in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change in dendritic cells (DCs) in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) and the effect of glucocorticoid on DCs in children with cITP. METHODS: Fifteen children with cITP and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. Flow cytometry was used to measure the DC subsets count in the 15 children with cITP before and after glucocorticoid treatment as well as the corresponding values in the 20 healthy controls. The DCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes in children with cITP were cultured in vitro and collected, and their immunophenotypes were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Before glucocorticoid treatment, the children with cITP showed no notable change in the absolute count of myeloid DCs (mDCs) but showed decreased absolute count of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and increased mDC/pDC ratio compared with the healthy controls (P<0.05). After glucocorticoid treatment, the children with cITP demonstrated increased absolute count of pDCs and decreased absolute count of mDCs and mDC/pDC ratio compared with before treatment (P<0.05). Before glucocorticoid treatment, the children with cITP had significantly higher positive rates of HLA-DR, CD80, CD83 and CD86 on peripheral blood DCs than the healthy controls (P<0.01). All the positive rates were significantly decreased after glucocorticoid treatment (P<0.01), so that there was no significant difference from the healthy controls (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Disproportion and functional disturbance of DC subsets is associated with the pathogenesis of cITP in children. Glucocorticoid can strengthen the immunosuppression of DCs in children with cITP, which may contribute to the effectiveness of glucocorticoid as a treatment.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 91-94 [Abstract] ( 5877 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 957KB] ( 1482 )
95 LI Yan, WANG Xian-Min, LIU Yi-Ling, SHI Kun, YANG Yan-Feng, GUO Yong-Hong
Plasma concentration of growth-differentiation factor-15 in children with congenital heart disease: relation ship to heart function and diagnostic value in heart failure
OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15) and cardiac function in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, and the diagnositic value of GDF-15 in heart failure(HF). METHODS: From March 2011 to May 2012, 97 pediatric patients with congenital heart disease(CHD) who consecutively attended Chengdu Women′s & Children′s Central Hospital were enrolled in the study and assigned to HF (patients with heart failure, n=71) and Non-HF(patients without heart failure, n=26) groups. HF was defined as patients presenting with modified Ross score≥3. Plasma concentrations of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP were determined using ELISA. Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was tested by echocardiography. The correlation between GDF-15 and modified Ross score, LVEF and NT-proBNP was evaluated with Spearman′s analysis. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic(ROC) curve for GDF-15 was examined, and the cut-off concentration of GDF-15 for diagnosing HF was detected. RESULTS: The HF group demonstrated higher levels of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP, and a lower LVEF level (P<0.01) than the Non-HF group. Plasma GDF-15 level was positively correlated with modified Ross score and plasma NT-proBNP comcentration (r=0.705, r=0.810 respectively; P<0.01), and negatively correlated with LVEF(r=-0.391, P<0.01). According to ROC analysis, the AUC of GDF-15 for detection of HF was 0.757. Sensitivity and specificity was 68.8% and 71.2% respectively for the cut-off value of 1306 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma GDF-15 levels are significantly elevated in children with HF induced by CHD. Plasma GDF-15 levels are related to cardiac function, LVEF and plasma concentration of NT-proBNP. GDF-15 may potentially indicate HF in pediatric patients with CHD.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 95-98 [Abstract] ( 7061 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 992KB] ( 1269 )
99 SUN Yu-Ping, WANG Wen-Di, MA Shao-Chun, WANG Li-Yan, QIAO Ling-Yan, ZHANG Li-Ping
Changes of heart--type fatty acid-binding protein in children with chronic heart failure and its significance
OBJECTIVE: To study serum levels of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP) in children with chronic heart failure (CHF), and the correlation between heart function and the level of h-FABP, with the aim of studying the significance of h-FABP in CHF. METHODS: Thirty-six children with CHF, including 16 cases of endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) and 20 cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were enrolled in the study. Thirty healthy children sevred as the control group. Serum levels of h-FABP were determined using ELISA, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac index (CI) and fractional shortening of the left ventricle (LVSF) were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography in the CHF group. RESULTS: Mean levels of h-FABP in the CHF group were significantly higher than in the control group (21.7±4.3 ng/mL vs 6.2±1.7 ng/mL; P<0.01). The worse the heart function, the higher the h-FABP levels (P<0.01). Mean levels of h-FABP in both the EFE and DCM groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). Serum h-FABP concentrations were negatively correlated with LVEF, CI and LVSF (r=-0.65, -0.64 and -0.71 respectively; P<0.01) in the CHF group. CONCLUSIONS: Serum h-FABP levels increase in children with CHF and are closely related to the severity of the condition. Serum h-FABP levels can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of heart failure and the evaluation of its severity.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 99-101 [Abstract] ( 6122 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 915KB] ( 1248 )
102 XU Chuan-Wei, GUO Shan-Chun, ZHENG Zhen-Wen, WANG Qing-Yuan
Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid treatment on plasma substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in children with asthma
OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in plasma substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in children with acute asthma before and after gamma-aminobutyricacid (GABA) treatment. METHODS: Seventy-five children with asthma were randomly assigned to GABA treatment (n=36) and control groups (n=39). Both groups were given conventional treatment for asthma. Besides the conventional treatment, the treatment group was administered with oral GABA (25-30 mg/kg?d). Plasma content of SP and CGRP was measured using ELISA before treatment and after remission. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in plasma content of SP and CGRP between the GABA treatment and control groups (P＞0.05) before treatment. Plasma content of SP and CGRP in the GABA treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (SP: 57±15 pg/mL vs 127±12 pg/mL; CGRP: 23±10 pg/mL vs 42±8 pg/mL) after remission (P<0.01). Plasma content of SP and CGRP after remission was significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.01) in both groups. There was a significantly positive correlation between plasma SP and CGRP content in asthmatic children (r=0.792, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: GABA can significantly decrease plasma levels of SP and CGRP in children suffering from acute asthma.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 102-104 [Abstract] ( 6662 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 914KB] ( 1280 )
105 LI Yun, LIU Dan, YI Hong-Ling, GUO Chun, CHEN Min, LI Wen-Kai
Clinical significance of bronchial reversibility test in the treatment of childhood asthma
OBJECTIVE: To observe changes in the lung function of asthmatic children with different symptoms during treatment, and to investigate the clinical significance of bronchial reversibility test in the treatment of asthma in children. METHODS: A total of 417 asthmatic children were treated by salmeterol/fluticasone inhalation for more than 3 months. These patients were divided into asymptomatic, single cough, paroxysmal cough and wheeze (cough+wheeze or wheeze alone) groups based on the symptoms when they revisited the clinic. Thirty-four healthy children were used as a control group. All children underwent bronchial reversibility test using nebulized salbutamol. Lung function testing was performed before and after the test. RESULTS: After nebulization of salbutamol, each asthma group showed significantly decreased rate of abnormal lung function and significantly increased forced expiratory volume in one second percent (FEV1%) predicted (P<0.05). Before salbutamol nebulization, the single cough, paroxysmal cough and wheeze groups had significantly higher rates of abnormal lung function and significantly lower FEV1% predicted than the control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the rate of abnormal lung function and FEV1% predicted among the asthma groups (P<0.05). After salbutamol nebulization, the paroxysmal cough and wheeze groups had significantly higher rates of abnormal lung function than the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between other asthma and control groups; the wheeze group had significantly lower FEV1% predicted than the control group, but no significant differences were found between other asthma and the control groups. The positive rate of bronchial reversibility test in each asthma group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the positive rate of the test between the asthma groups except between the asymptomatic and single cough groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Asthmatic children with different symptoms demonstrate different lung functions during treatment. Bronchial reversibility test combined with lung function test is useful in assessing asthma control and guiding treatment.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 105-108 [Abstract] ( 6301 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 928KB] ( 1397 )
109 XIONG Mei, NI Chen, PAN Jia-Hua, WANG Qiang, ZHENG Li-Lin
Epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in Hefei City, China
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cumulative prevalence rate, distribution characteristics, epidemic seasons, predisposing factors and current treatment situation of childhood asthma in Hefei City, China. METHODS: In the investigation, stratified cluster random sampling as well as centralized access and separate home visits were applied, and primary screening forms were filled out. Further confirmation was sought in the primary positive cases, according to the diagnostic criteria for asthma. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the cumulative prevalence rate, current treatment situation and predisposing factors for childhood asthma as well as the distribution characteristics of asthma in children of different ages and sexes. RESULTS: The cumulative prevalence rate of childhood asthma was 5.92%, and there was no significant difference between males and females (6.33% vs 5.42%; P>0.05). The cumulative prevalence rate was highest (8.25%) in children aged 3-6 years. Of the children with acute asthma attack, 42.0% suffered attacks during periods of seasonal transition, and 34.4% suffered attacks at midnight. Among the 552 children with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, 533 (96.6%) developed asthma due to respiratory tract infection and 312 (56.5%) due to weather change. Most asthmatic children (513/552, 92.9%) received treatment with antibiotics, and 492 asthmatic children (89.1%) were treated with systemic hormones. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative prevalence rate of childhood asthma is 5.92% in Hefei, and the peak age of onset is 3-6 years. Acute asthma attack occurs mostly during periods of seasonal transition and at midnight. Respiratory tract infection and weather change are the main predisposing factors for childhood asthma. Antibiotics and systemic hormones are still widely used in the treatment of asthma.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 109-111 [Abstract] ( 5657 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 910KB] ( 1181 )
112 YANG Ling-Rong, PENG Min-Juan, LI Hua, PANG Yi
Pathogen distribution and risk factors of nosocomial infections in neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit
OBJECTIVE: To study the pathogen distribution and risk factors of nosocomial infections in neonates in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU). METHODS: The clinical data of 145 neonates with nosocomial infection in the NICU were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 145 neonates, 41 (28.3%) were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, 39 (26.9%) with Escherichia coli, 10 (6.9%) with Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 55 (37.9%) with other pathogens. Logistic regression analysis showed that a gestational age of ≤32 weeks (OR=5.57), birth weigh of <1500 g (OR=6.95), hospitalization time (OR=1.23), mechanical ventilation (OR=14.12) and parenteral nutrition (OR=3.01) were major risk factors for nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The five factors were also main risk factors for nosocomial infection caused by Escherichia coli, with the OR of 3.42, 6.73, 9.96, 0.55 and 2.13 respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics but were relatively sensitive to levofloxacin and meropenem. CONCLUSIONS: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis are major pathogens of nosocomial infections in neonates in the NICU and they are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Mechanical ventilation and hospitalization time are the most important risk factors for nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli respectively.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 112-116 [Abstract] ( 6355 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 932KB] ( 1671 )
117 WANG Li-Jie, SONG Wen-Liang, SUN Ying, LIU Chun-Feng, ZHANG Zhi-Jie
Clinical characteristics and drug resistance in children infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the pediatric intensive care unit
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-positive children in the pediatric intensive care unit, and to provide a basis for early diagnosis and reasonable treatment of PA infection. METHODS: The clinical data of 62 children infected with PA in the pediatric intensive care unit were retrospectively reviewed,including age, affected organs, fever duration, hospital stay duration, mechanical ventilation duration, prognosis, underlying diseases, mortality, culture results and drug sensitivity test results. RESULTS: Of the 62 PA-positive children, 25 (40%) were aged under 6 months and 47 (76%) under 2 years, with a median age of 28.8 months. Twenty-seven showed one positive result for sputum culture or endotracheal tube aspirates culture, 3 showed one positive result for blood culture, and 32 showed more than two positive results for blood, sputum or endotracheal tube aspirates cultures. On average, 2.8 organs were affected in each patient, with the respiratory system involved most frequently (58 patients, 94%). The mean fever duration was 7.3 days and the mean hospital stay duration was 34.2 days. In the 62 patients, 35 (57%) were cured and 17 (27%) died. Mechanical ventilation was administered to 51 patients (82%) for a mean duration of 13.4 days. Fifty-one patients (82%) had underlying diseases. The 17 (27%) children who died had a mean age of 17.4 months and a mean CRP level of 52.6 mg/L; 14 of them had increased or normal white blood cell count, and 3 had a decreased white blood cell count.The antibiotic sensitivity of PA was 72.6% for cefoperazone/sulbactam, 70.8% for meropenem, 49.1% for imipenem, 65.1% for ceftazidime, and 44.3% for piperacillin/tazobactam. There was complete resistance to cephazolin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime. CONCLUSIONS: The children under 2 years are prone to PA infection. Respiratory system involvements are common. Most of children infected with PA suffer from underlying diseases.The sensitivity of PA to common antibiotics is not high.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 117-120 [Abstract] ( 5875 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 927KB] ( 1808 )
121 LIU Hui, LONG Xue-Ying, LI Wen-Zheng, WANG Xiao-Yi, CAO Jue, LIU Zhi-Jun
CT manifestations of liver involvement in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the computed tomography (CT) manifestations of liver involvement in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on 9 LCH children with liver involvement confirmed by clinical, laboratory and pathological examinations to investigate the CT manifestations of this condition. These children, including 6 males and 3 females, had undergone both plain CT scan and dual-phase (the arterial and portal venous phases) contrast-enhanced CT scan. RESULTS: The main CT manifestations included hepatomegaly (8 cases); periportal dendritic hypodense lesions or “periportal halo sign” (7 cases) which were mildly or moderately enhanced in the arterial phase; intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (5 cases); lymphadenopathy in the hepatic hilar or retroperitoneal region (4 cases); and diffuse small hypodense nodules (3 cases), which showed annular enhancement on the contrastenhanced CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: CT findings may be helpful in the early diagnosis and treatment of LCH in children.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 121-124 [Abstract] ( 6378 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1290KB] ( 1353 )
125 SHI Zhu-Mei, ZHOU Jun-Hua, WANG Ai-Hua, WANG Ai-Li
Z scores for growth and development, physical fitness, and the relationship between them in 362 preschool children in Yantai City, China
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Z scores for growth and development, physical fitness, and the relationship between them in preschool children in Yantai City, China, and to provide scientific evidence for health care in children. METHODS: A total of 362 children aged 3 to 4 years, whose data were recorded in the National Physical Fitness Survey in Yantai in 2010, were included in the study. Z scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age and body mass index-for-age were calculated. The relationship between Z scores and physical fitness was determined by Pearson′s correlation analysis. RESULTS: The mean Z scores were all positive numbers. The prevalence rates of underweight and growth retardation were very low, but that of obesity was relatively high (up to 16.5% in 4-year-old boys). There were differences in physical fitness between children of different ages and between boys and girls (P<0.05). The Z scores showed correlation with some physical fitness indices (P<0.05), but they were not closely correlated as the value of r was not more than 0.30. CONCLUSIONS: Z scores for growth and development remain at relatively high levels in preschool children in Yantai. The physical fitness is associated with age and gender in these children. There are weak correlations between Z scores and some physical fitness indices. Effective measures should be taken to adjust dietary habits and promote exercise for children, thus preventing obesity and improving physical fitness.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 125-128 [Abstract] ( 6007 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 918KB] ( 1030 )
129 WU Fan, CUI Qi-Liang, TAN Xiao-Hua, ZHANG Hui, GAO Ping-Ming, HUANG Run-Zhong, YANG Ji-Long, RUAN Wan-Fen, HUANG Zhi-Jian, QU Liu-Hong, QIU Xiao-Shan, ZHAN Jie-Yi, GAO Shu-Hui
Effects of feeding patterns after hospital discharge on increase rates of growth indices in preterm and low-birth-weight infants within 3 months after birth
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of post-discharge formula (PDF) for preterm infants, breast milk (BM) and term infant formula (TF) on increase rates of body weight, length and head circumference in preterm and low-birth-weight infants (PLBWIs) from discharge to 3 months after birth, and to provide a reference for the choice of feeding pattern for PLBWIs. METHODS: A total of 407 PLBWIs discharged from the newborn departments of ten hospitals in Guangzhou City and Foshan City in Guangdong Province, China were chosen for this study. According to feeding pattern, they were assigned to three groups: PDF-fed (n=258), BM-fed (n=58) and TF-fed (n=91). Their body weight, length and head circumference were measured at 3 months after birth, and the increase rates of growth indices relative to baseline values (at birth) were calculated and compared. RESULTS: At 3 months after birth, the PDF-fed group had significantly greater body weight, length and head circumference than the BM-fed and TF-fed groups （P<0.05). The increase rates of body weight and length were significantly higher in the PDF-fed group than in the BM-fed and TF-fed groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with those fed with BM and TF after discharge, the PDF-fed PLBWIs have higher increase rates of body weight and length and show greater body weight and length at 3 months after birth. However, further study is needed to investigate the long-term effects.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 129-132 [Abstract] ( 6681 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 925KB] ( 1534 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
133 ZHANG Ci-Liu, YIN Fei, YANG Zhi-Quan, HE Fang, CHEN Chen, JIANG Shang-Jun, PENG Jing
Expression of dynamin-1 and phosphor-dynamin-1 in the hippocampus of children and rats with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy Hot!

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of dynamin-1 and phosphor-dynamin-1 in the hippocampus of children and rats with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and to investigate the roles of dynamin-1 and phosphor-dynamin-1 in the development of MTLE. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 25 days) were randomly divided into acute control (AC), acute seizure (AS), latent control (LC), latent seizure (LS), chronic control (CC) and chronic spontaneous seizure (CS) groups. Lithium chloride-pilocarpine was used to induce a rat model of MTLE. The hippocampus samples of 5 children with a pathologically confirmed hippocampal sclerosis who received surgical operation were collected as a human model (HM) group, and the hippocampus samples of 4 dead children (without organic lesion of the hippocampus) were collected by autopsy as a human control (HC) group. The expression of dynamin-1 and phosphor-dynamin-1 in the hippocampus of children and rats with MTLE was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The Western blot showed that the expression of phosphor-dynamin-1 was significantly lower in the AS and CS groups than in the corresponding control groups (AC and CC groups) (P<0.05). The expression of phosphor-dynamin-1 was significantly lower in the HM group than in the HC group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression of dynamin-1 among the AS, LS and CS groups and between the HM and HC groups (P>0.05). The immunohistochemical results showed that phosphor-dynamin-1 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of hippocampal neurons of AC, CC and HC groups, but its expression was significantly reduced in the AS, CS and HM groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of phosphor-dynamin-1, not dynamin-1, is downregulated in the hippocampus of children and rats with MTLE during seizures, which suggests that the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of dynamin-1 may be involved in the development of MTLE.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 133-137 [Abstract] ( 6118 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1218KB] ( 1240 )
138 WANG Jian-Rong, ZHOU Ying, SANG Kui, LI Ming-Xia
Association between pulmonary vascular remodeling and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, endothelin-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary vessels in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between pulmonary vascular remodeling and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pulmonary vessels in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). METHODS: A neonatal rat model of HPH was established as an HPH group, and normal neonatal rats were enrolled as a control group. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured. The percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of the small pulmonary arteries (MT%) and the percentage of medial cross-section area to total cross-section area of the pulmonary small arteries (MA%) were measured as the indicators for pulmonary vascular remodeling. The immunohistochemical reaction intensities for HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS and their mRNA expression in lung tissues of neonatal rats were measured. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between pulmonary vascular remodeling and mRNA expression of HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS. RESULTS: The mPAP of the HPH group kept increasing on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 of hypoxia, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). The HPH group had significantly higher MT% and MA% than the control group from day 7 of hypoxia (P<0.05). HIF-1α protein expression increased significantly on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of hypoxia, and HIF-1α mRNA expression increased significantly on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia in the HPH group compared with the control group (P<0.05). ET-1 protein expression increased significantly on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia and ET-1 mRNA expression increased significantly on day 3 of hypoxia in the HPH group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Both iNOS protein and mRNA expression were significantly higher on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia than the control group (P<0.05). Both MT% and MA% were positively correlated with HIF-1α mRNA expression (r=0.835 and 0.850 repectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary vascular remodeling is developed on day 7 of hypoxia in neonatal rats. HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS are all involved in the occurrence and development of HPH in neonatal rats.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 138-144 [Abstract] ( 6425 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1762KB] ( 1863 )
145 XIE Bin, WANG Xue-Feng, YUE Zhi-Jun, NAN Chun-Hong
Identification of mouse acute pneumonia model induced by influenza virus using gene clone and sequence analysis
OBJECTIVE: To identify mouse acute pneumonia model induced by influenza virus adapted strains (FM1 strain) using RT-PCR, gene clone and sequence analysis and pathological examination of lung tissues. METHODS: Acute pneumonia was induced by intranasal drip of FM1 strain. The lungs were collected after 3, 5 and 7 days. RT-PCR was used to detect the viral load. Amplified PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Pathological and histological changes to the lungs were observed. RESULTS: There were no abnormalities in the alveoli, alveolar sacs and alveolar septa and no inflammatory cell infiltration was found in normal mice. In the model group, we found disappearance of alveoli, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and alveolar septa, thickening of the alveolar septal and bronchiolar walls, and infiltration of inflammatory cells after 3, 5 and 7 days of influenza virus (IV) infection. Compared with the normal group, pathological changes at various time points were significantly increased (P<0.01). Viral nucleic acid can be detected in the lung tissue of the model group at various time points, and the pathological changes of the lung tissue were positively correlated with viral load. Sequence analysis demonstrated that there was 99.1% consistency between RT-PCR products of lung tissues in the model group and the known IV cDNA sequence (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Gene clone and sequence analysis may be used to identify acute mouse pneumonia model induced by FM1 strain.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 145-149 [Abstract] ( 5061 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1372KB] ( 992 )
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
150 WEI Lin-Lin, LIU Yu-Feng, WANG Dao
Clinical analysis of 12 cases of childhood cryptococcal meningitis
No abstract available
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 150-152 [Abstract] ( 4541 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 903KB] ( 1912 )
CASE REPORT
153 GUO Sheng-Hong, LI Wei, ZHANG Yi-Zhi, XIA Deng-Mei
A case report of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome
No abstract available
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 153-154 [Abstract] ( 4738 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 1057KB] ( 1604 )
155 LI Yu-Mei, ZHANG Zhen, LIU Yu-Fei
Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy in 2 children
No abstract available
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 155-156 [Abstract] ( 4427 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 893KB] ( 1031 )
REVIEW
157 TAO Yu-Hong, YE Li, WANG Ya-Mei, WANG Zheng
Mechanism for promoting repair of renal ischemia reperfusion injury by mesenchymal stem cells

OBJECTIVE: Preclinical studies have demonstrated that exogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may ameliorate kidney damage and enhance repair of renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). This review will focus on the mechanism for accelerating repair of renal IRI by MSCs. Several chemokine receptors such as CXCR4 and CD44 are related to MSCs trafficking to post-ischemic kidney. MSCs differentiate into tubular epithelial cells, which is not the predominant mechanism for repair of the damaged kidney. Instead, MSCs exert their therapeutic effect mainly through paracrine action via a variety of cytokines and microvesicles, and the paracrine actions of infused MSCs work to activate intrinsic kidney cells, promote angiogenesis, inhibit oxidative stress and reduce apoptosis, inflammation and renal fibrosis.
2013 Vol. 15 (2): 157-160 [Abstract] ( 6234 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 948KB] ( 2111 )
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