CJCP
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2016 Vol.  18 No.  4
Published: 2016-04-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
CLINICAL RESEARCH
287 LIU Xiao-Ming, ZHANG Li, RUAN Min, LIU Tian-Feng, ZHANG Jia-Yuan, LIU Fang, QI Ben-Quan, CHEN Xiao-Juan, WANG Shu-Chun, YANG Wen-Yu, GUO Ye, ZOU Yao, CHEN Yu-Mei, ZHU Xiao-Fan
Significance of PAX5 deletion in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia without reproducible chromosomal abnormalities
Objective To identify the incidence of PAX5 deletion in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) without reproducible chromosomal abnormalities and to investigate the association between PAX5 abnormalities and prognosis of ALL. Methods Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was used to determine the copy numbers of PAX5 gene in children newly diagnosed with B-ALL without reproducible chromosomal abnormalities between April 2008 and April 2013 and controls (children with non-hematologic diseases or tumors). The patients were classifiied into deletion group and non-deletion group based on the presence of PAX5 deletion. Results Eighteen (21%) out of 86 children with B-ALL had PAX5 deletion. The deletion group had a significantly higher total white blood cell count at diagnosis than the non-deletion group (P=0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the deletion group had a significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) rate than the non-deletion group (0.69±0.12 vs 0.90±0.04; P=0.017), but there was no significant difference in the overall survival rate between the two groups (P=0.128). The Cox analysis showed that PAX5 deletion was a risk factor for DFS (P=0.03). Conclusions PAX5 deletion is an independent risk factor for DFS in B-ALL children without reproducible chromosomal abnormalities.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 287-291 [Abstract] ( 5668 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1063KB] ( 1157 )
292 WANG Yue-Fang, JIANG Yong-Mei, GAO Ju, ZHOU Ping, ZHANG Ge
Prognostic value of bone marrow hematogones in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Objective To study the prognostic value of hematogones (HGs) for childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) during consolidation chemotherapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for 196 children with newly-diagnosed B-ALL. They were divided into high-risk group (n=55), intermediate-risk group (n=69), and low-risk group (n=72) by risk stratification, and into complete remission group (n=165) and relapse group (n=31) by clinical outcome. The European BIOMED-1 standard flow cytometry for minimal residual disease (MRD) was used to determine the number of HGs during consolidation chemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to assess event-free survival (EFS). Results The high-risk group had a significantly lower number of HGs than the intermediate-risk and low-risk groups (P<0.05). The number of HGs in the complete remission group was significantly higher than in the relapse group (P<0.05). The children with HGs ≤1.0% had a significantly lower EFS than those with HGs >1.0% (P<0.05). Conclusions HGs can be used to assess the treatment outcome and prognosis in children with B-ALL, and proliferation of HGs reflects the good effect of chemotherapy in such children.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 292-296 [Abstract] ( 5077 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1592KB] ( 1082 )
297 JI Xiao-Yi, WU Min
mRNA expression of dopamine receptor D2 and dopamine transporter in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after treatment in children with tic disorder
Objective To investigate the mRNA expression of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after treatment in children with tic disorder (TD). Methods RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of DRD2 and DAT in peripheral blood lymphocytes before and after treatment in 60 children with TD. The correlations between mRNA expression of DRD2 and DAT and the severity of TD were analyzed. Sixty healthy children served as the control group. Results Before treatment, the children with TD had a significant increase in the mRNA expression of DRD2 and DAT compared with the control group (P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment with oral aripiprazole, the mRNA expression of DRD2 decreased significantly (P<0.05), while that of DAT showed no significant changes in children with TD. In the children with moderate or severe TD, the mRNA expression of DRD2 was positively correlated with Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) score (P<0.05). In the children with moderate TD, the mRNA expression of DAT was positively correlated with YGTSS score (P<0.05). Conclusions In children with TD, the mRNA expression of DRD2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used as one of the indicators for diagnosing TD, assessing the severity of TD, and evaluating clinical outcomes.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 297-300 [Abstract] ( 5245 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1005KB] ( 1022 )
301 ZHANG Li-Ya, TANG Ji-Hong, LI Yan
Risk factors for 5-year recurrence of spontaneous symptomatic epileptic seizures in infants and young children
Objective To investigate the recurrence rate and risk factors of spontaneous symptomatic epileptic seizures after the first episode in infants and young children. Methods The clinical data of infants and young children who experienced the first episode of spontaneous symptomatic epileptic seizures between April 2009 and April 2011 in Suzhou Children's Hospital were collected. Follow-up visits were performed once every 1-3 months, and the followup time was 1-60 months. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to calculate the recurrence rate of spontaneous symptomatic epileptic seizures and analyze the risk factors for seizure recurrence. Results Sixty-three children experiencing a first episode of spontaneous symptomatic epileptic seizures were enrolled. Within 5 years after the first episode, 43 children experienced the recurrence of spontaneous symptomatic epileptic seizures, with a 5-year cumulative recurrence rate of 69.4%. Among all recurrent cases, 86% experienced recurrence within 1 year after the first episode. The multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model showed that epileptiform discharges on electroencephalography were the independent risk factor for recurrence of spontaneous symptomatic epileptic seizures (HR=5.349, 95%CI: 2.375-12.048). Conclusions The recurrence rate of spontaneous symptomatic epileptic seizures after the first episode is high in infants and young children. Epileptiform discharges on electroencephalography are the independent risk factor for the recurrence, and thus it is suggested to perform antiepileptic therapy for these children.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 301-305 [Abstract] ( 5078 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1157KB] ( 1036 )
306 SU Hui-Min, JIANG Yi, HU Yu-Lian, YANG Hui, DONG Tian-Jin
Lactose intolerance in neonates with non-infectious diarrhea
Objective To investigate the development of lactose intolerance in neonates with non-infectious diarrhea and its association with diarrhea, and to evaluate the diagnostic values of fecal pH value and urine galactose determination for neonatal lactase deficiency. Methods Seventy hospitalized neonates who developed non-infectious diarrhea between October 2012 and June 2015 were enrolled as the diarrhea group, and 162 hospitalized neonates without non-infectious diarrhea were enrolled as the non-diarrhea group. Test paper was used to determine fecal pH value. The galactose oxidase method was used to detect urine galactose. The neonates with positive galactose oxidase were diagnosed with lactase deficiency, and those with lactase deficiency and diarrhea were diagnosed with lactose intolerance. According to the results of urine galactose detection, 69 neonates in the diarrhea group who underwent urine galactose detection were classified into lactose intolerance group (45 neonates) and lactose tolerance group (24 neonates), and their conditions after treatment were compared between the two groups. The follow-up visits were performed for neonates with diarrhea at 3 months after discharge. Results Fecal pH value and positive rate of urine galactose (65% vs 54%) showed no significant differences between the diarrhea and non-diarrhea groups (P>0.05). Fecal pH value showed no significant difference between the lactose intolerance and lactose tolerance groups (P>0.05), while the neonates in the lactose intolerance group had a significantly longer time to recovery of defecation than those in the lactose tolerance group (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of lactase deficiency is high in neonates, and diarrhea due to lactose intolerance tends to occur. Determination of fecal pH value has no significance in the diagnosis of lactose intolerance in neonates with diarrhea.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 306-310 [Abstract] ( 6574 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1073KB] ( 1613 )
311 ZHAO Qian, CHEN Yan, WANG Yang, XU Dou-Dou
Clinical features and hospital costs of neonatal sepsis caused by bacteria and fungi: a comparative analysis
Objective To study the clinical features and hospital costs of neonatal sepsis caused by Gram-positive (G+) bacteria, Gram-negative (G-) bacteria, and fungi. Methods The clinical data of 236 neonates with sepsis were analyzed retrospectively. Among these neonates, 110 had sepsis caused by G+ bacteria, 68 had sepsis caused by G- bacteria, and 58 had sepsis caused by fungi. Results Full-term infants accounted for 62% and 38%, respectively, in the G+ bacteria and G- bacteria groups, and preterm infants accounted for 86% in the fungi group. The neonates in the fungi group had significantly lower gestational ages and birth weights than those in the G+ and G- bacteria groups (P<0.05). Compared with the G+ bacteria group, the G- bacteria and fungi groups had significantly higher rates of multiple births (P<0.0125). Compared with the G+ bacteria and fungi groups, the rates of premature rupture of membranes >18 hours, grade III amniotic fluid contamination, and early-onset sepsis in the G- bacteria group were significantly higher (P<0.0125). Compared with the G- bacteria and fungi groups, the G+ bacteria group showed significantly higher rates of abnormal body temperature, omphalitis or herpes as the symptom suggesting the onset of such disease (P<0.0125). The fungi group had significantly higher incidence rates of apnea and low platelet count than the G+ and G- bacteria groups (P<0.0125). The comparison of length of hospital stay and total hospital costs between any two groups showed that the fungi group had a significantly longer hospital stay and significantly higher total hospital costs than the G+ and G- bacteria groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Sepsis caused by G+ bacteria mainly occurs in full-term infants, and most cases of sepsis caused by G- bacteria belong to the early-onset type. Sepsis caused by fungi is more common in preterm infants and low birth weight infants, and has high incidence rates of apnea and low platelet count, as well as a longer hospital stay and higher hospital costs than sepsis caused by bacteria.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 311-315 [Abstract] ( 4861 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1289KB] ( 1219 )
316 LAN Wei-Ping, WANG Jing, DAI Chuan-Lin, PAN Jia-Hua
Efficacy of fluticasone propionate aerosol versus budesonide suspension in treatment of recurrent wheezing caused by bronchiolitis

Objective To investigate the efficacy of fluticasone propionate aerosol (flixotide) versus budesonide suspension in the treatment of recurrent wheezing caused by bronchiolitis. Methods A total of 214 infants with newly diagnosed bronchiolitis were randomly divided into flixotide treatment (106 infants) and budesonide treatment groups (108 infants), and were given aerosol inhalation of flixotide or budesonide for 3 months after achieving remission of clinical symptoms. Another 136 infants with bronchiolitis who did not receive regular inhalation of corticosteroid after achieving remission of clinical symptoms were enrolled as the control group. The follow-up visits were performed for 1 year, and the effects of the two therapeutic methods on recurrent wheezing were evaluated. Results Compared with the control group, both the flixotide and budesonide treatment groups had significantly fewer times of wheezing episodes within 1 year and a significantly lower recurrence rate of wheezing within the first 3 months after regular inhalation of corticosteroid, but no significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups. The amount of corticosteroid inhaled and hospital costs in the budesonide treatment group were significantly higher than in the flixotide treatment group (P<0.01). Conclusions Continuous inhalation of flixotide or budesonide after remission of clinical symptoms in children with bronchiolitis can reduce wheezing episodes and the recurrence of wheezing, and flixotide treatment is superior to budesonide treatment in the aspects of hospital costs and the amount of corticosteroid used.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 316-319 [Abstract] ( 6286 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 450KB] ( 1440 )
320 CHEN Bo, FENG Shuai, YIN Xiao-Wen
Clinical characteristics of different ages of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of different ages of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Methods The clinical data of 118 children with an acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma between June 2012 and June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were classified into infant group (<3 years old), preschool group (3-6 years old), and school-age group (6-14 years old) to compare their clinical characteristics. Results The infant group had the highest rate of pneumonia, the highest rate of hospital use of antibacterial agents, the highest hospital costs, and the longest length of hospital stay, followed by the preschool group and the school-age group (P<0.05). For the maintenance treatment of asthma, the rate of use of inhaled corticosteroids was highest in the school-age group (70%), followed by the preschool group (50% )and the infant group (38%) (P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical characteristics vary between different ages of children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma: the children less than 3 years old have a higher rate of pneumonia, a higher rate of use of antibacterial agents, higher hospital costs, a longer length of hospital stay, and a lower rate of standard treatment.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 320-323 [Abstract] ( 4872 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1099KB] ( 1056 )
324 YANG Ai-Mei, HUANG Rong, JIN Shi-Jie
ORMDL3 polymorphisms and their relationship with OPN and TGF-β1 levels in children with asthma in Hunan, China: an analysis of 98 cases
Objective To investigate ORMDL3 polymorphisms in children with asthma in Hunan, China, and to determine the relationship between ORMDL3 polymorphisms and serum osteopontin (OPN) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected in children with asthma (n=98; astma group) or without asthma (n=30; control group) from Hunan, China. The asthma group was subdivided into atopic (n=62) and non-atopic (n=36) subgroups. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed, and serum OPN and TGF-β1 levels were measured. Results There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs7216389 of the ORMDL3 gene between the asthma and control groups. The serum level of OPN in the asthma group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Both the atopic and non-atopic subgroups showed increased serum levels of OPN compared with the control group (P<0.05). The serum level of TGF-β1 in the atopic subgroup was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of OPN and TGF-β1 showed no significant differences in asthmatic children with different genotypes. The serum levels of OPN and TGF-β1 were in a positive linear correlation in the asthma group (r=0.620; P<0.01) and its two subgroups (r=0.734, 0.649 respectively; P<0.01). Conclusions In children from Hunan, China, the SNP (rs7216389) of ORMDL3 is not related to asthma susceptibility. OPN and TGF-β1 may be involved in the development of asthma, and they are in a positive linear correlation. The SNP (rs7216389) of ORMDL3 does not influence the expression of OPN and TGF-β1, suggesting that it may not be associated with airway remodeling.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 324-328 [Abstract] ( 4799 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1358KB] ( 882 )
329 WANG Jian, HUANG Ying, ZHANG Xue-Li, HUANG Xia, XU Xiao-Wen, LIANG Fan-Mei
An analysis of skin prick test reactivity to dust mite in overweight and normal weight children with allergic asthma before and after specific immunotherapy
Objective To study the skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to house dust mite allergens in overweight and normal weight children with allergic asthma before and after standard subcutaneous specific immunotherapy. Methods Two hundred and fifteen children with allergic asthma who had positive SPT responses to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) were enrolled. According to the weight index, they were classified into overweight (n=63) and normal weight groups (n=152). Skin indices (SI) to DP and DF were compared between the two groups at 6 months and 1 year after standard subcutaneous specific immunotherapy. Results The overweight group had a significantly larger histamine wheal diameter than the normal weight group after controlling the variation in testing time (P<0.05). After controlling the variation in weights, there were significant differences in the SIs to DP and DF before specific immunotherapy and at 6 months and 1 year after specific immunotherapy. At 6 months and 1 year after specific immunotherapy, the SIs to DP and DF were significantly reduced in both groups (P<0.05), and the overweight group had greater decreases in the SIs to DP and DF than the normal weight group. Conclusions The overweight children with allergic asthma have stronger responses to histamine than the normal weight patients. Specific immunotherapy can reduce the reactivity to dust mite allergens in children with allergic asthma. Within one year after specific immunotherapy, the overweight children with allergic asthma have a significantly greater decrease in the reactivity to dust mite allergens than the normal weight patients.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 329-334 [Abstract] ( 4366 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1308KB] ( 1072 )
335 WU Xin, DU Xiao-Rang, DING Jin-Fang, WU Meng-Jin, LUO Sheng-Qiang, FENG Xing-Zhong
Clinical features of different clinical forms of childhood congenital hepatic fibrosis
Objective To compare the clinical features of children with different clinical forms of congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF), and provides a description of the characteristics of childhood CHF. Methods Sixty children with CHF between January 2002 and June 2015 were enrolled, including 26 children with portal hypertensive CHF (PH CHF), 3 children with cholangitic CHF, 30 children with combined portal hypertensive and cholangitic CHF (mixed CHF), and 1 child with latent forms of CHF. The medical data of 26 children with PH CHF and 30 children with mixed CHF, including gender, age, clinical manifestations, physical signs, laboratory tests and imaging characteristics, were retrospectively studied. Results Fever, jaundice and hepatomegaly were more frequently noted in children with mixed CHF than in those with PH CHF (P<0.05). Splenomegaly and liver cirrhosis occurred more often in children with CHF, but there was no significant difference in the incidences of splenomegaly and liver cirrhosis between the children with PH CHF and mixed CHF. The plasma prothrombin activity, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, mean platelet volume, serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, leucine aminopeptidase, and total bile acids in children with mixed CHF were higher than in those with PH CHF (P<0.05). The decreased international normalized ratio and lower serum albumin levels were more frequently observed in children with mixed CHF than in those with PH CHF (P<0.05). Conclusions PH and mixed CHF are common forms in childhood CHF. The children with the two forms of PH usually manifest portal hypertension such as cirrhosis and hepatosplenomegaly. The liver damage may be common in children with mixed CHF.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 335-339 [Abstract] ( 5056 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1228KB] ( 1061 )
340 MA Chao, SHEN Ding-Rong, ZHANG Qing, DING Yi-Qun, WANG Yuan-Xiang, PENG Le, MENG Bao-Ying, TI Yun-Xing
A preliminary investigation of relationship between serum apelin level and pulmonary artery pressure in children with congenital heart disease
Objective To preliminarily investigate the relationship between serum apelin level and pulmonary artery pressure in children with congenital heart disease. Methods One hundred and twenty-six children with congenital heart disease undergoing surgical treatment were enrolled as subjects. The serum level of apelin was determined before surgery and at 7 days after surgery. The ratio of pulmonary artery systolic pressure to aortic systolic pressure (Pp/Ps) was calculated before extracorporeal circulation. According to the Pp/Ps value, patients were classified into non-pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) group, mild PAH group, moderate PAH group, and severe PAH group. Pulmonary artery mean pressure was estimated by echocardiography at 7 days after surgery. Results The non-PAH group had the highest serum level of apelin before and after surgery, followed by the mild PAH group, moderate PAH group, and severe PAH group (P<0.05). All groups had significantly increased serum levels of apelin at 7 days after surgery (P<0.05). The serum level of apelin was negatively correlated with pulmonary artery pressure before surgery (r=-0.51, P<0.05) and at 7 days after surgery (r=-0.54, P<0.05). Conclusions The decrease in serum apelin level is associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart disease. The significance of serum apelin in predicting the development and degree of pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart disease deserves further studies.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 340-344 [Abstract] ( 5432 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1326KB] ( 1012 )
345 YI Lan-Fen, WEN Hong-Xia, HUANG Sui, QIU Mei, ZHANG Jing-Yang, CAO Xiao-Xiao
Changes in ambulatory electrocardiographic findings after oral administration of low-dose propranolol in infants with hemangioma
Objective To investigate the effects of oral administration of low-dose propranolol on heart rate variability (HRV), acceleration capacity (AC), deceleration capacity (DC), and cardiac conduction in the treatment of infantile hemangioma. Methods A total of 118 infants with hemangioma (≤1 year) were enrolled, and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography was performed before oral administration of low-dose propranolol and after one month of administration. The changes in time-domain indices [standard deviation of all normal sinus RR intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of all mean 5-minute RR intervals (SDANN), root mean squared successive difference (RMSSD), and percentage of successive normal sinus RR intervals >50 ms (PNN50)] and frequency-domain indices [low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF)] for HRV, AC, and DC were observed, as well as abnormalities in cardiac conduction and other aspects after administration of propranolol. Results After administration of propranolol, the infants had significantly increased SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, and PNN50 (P<0.01), and significantly reduced AC, mean heart rate (HR) and minimum HR (P<0.01). The 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic findings showed a nonsignificantly higher abnormal rate after administration of propranolol. Conclusions In the treatment of infantile hemangioma, propranolol can inhibit the activity of sympathetic nerve and block cardiac conduction, but without any serious adverse effect.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 345-349 [Abstract] ( 4893 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1617KB] ( 1015 )
350 WANG Nian-Rong, YE Ya
A prospective study of the development of nocturnal sleep patterns in infants
Objective To investigate the development of nocturnal sleep pattern in infants. Methods Fifty healthy full-term newborns born in Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were chosen for a prospective longitudinal study. A non-invasive sleep monitor, Actiwatch, was used to monitor infants' 12 sleep parameters on the 10th day, 28th day, the first Tuesday at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 9th and 12th month after birth, each monitoring time lasting 60 hours. All sleep parameters were analyzed by two-level mixed effect model. Results Twenty-two boys and 25 girls completed the whole follow-up study. From birth to the 12th month after birth, the nocturnal sleep onset latency (NSOL) decreased by about 48% at 3 months of age and by 83% at 6 months of age. The nocturnal sleep efficiency (NSE%) increased from 66% to 87%, the nocturnal total sleep time (NTST) increased from 416 minutes to 517 minutes, and the longest nocturnal continuous sleeping time (L-NCST) increased from 197 minutes to 327 minutes. NSE%, NTST and L-NCST increased with age (P<0.01). The 3rd to 12th month ratios of NSE%, NTST and L-NCST were 86%, 84% and 72%, respectively, and the 6th to 12th month ratios of those were 97%, 91% and 94%, respectively. The nocturnal total wake time (NTWT) and longest nocturnal continuous waking times (L-NCWT) decreased with age (P<0.01). The decline speeds in the first half year were 5-6 times of those in the second half year after birth (P<0.05). NTST, nocturnal continuous sleeping ability and NSE% in boys were lower than those in girls (P<0.05). Conclusions Infantile nocturnal sleep patterns develop rapidly during the first 6 months, especially within the first 3 months after birth. Partial infantile sleep parameters are related to gender.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 350-354 [Abstract] ( 4420 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1291KB] ( 1011 )
355 YANG Qin, ZHANG Xuan, CHENG Qian
Quality of life and its influencing factors in small for gestational age infants during early childhood
Objective To investigate the difference in quality of life (QOL) between small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants during early childhood, and to investigate the factors influcing the QOL. Methods The Infant and Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire-47 (ITQOL-SF47) was used to investigate the QOL of 1 to 3-year-old children born SGA and AGA who visited the child health care division. QOL was compared between SGA (n=203) and AGA groups (n=130), between the catch-up (n=119) and no-catch-up subgroups (n=84) of children born SGA, and between the single healthcare (n=144) and multiple healthcare subgroups (n=59) of children born SGA. The generalized linear model was used to investigate the factors influencing the QOL. Results The total ITQOL score of the SGA group was significantly lower than that of the AGA group (630±99 vs 716±84; P<0.05). In children born SGA, the no-catch-up subgroup had a significantly lower total ITQOL score than the catch-up subgroup (602±96 vs 649±97; P<0.05), and the single healthcare subgroup had a significantly lower total ITQOL score than the multiple healthcare subgroup (616±94 vs 657±107; P<0.05). The generalized linear model analysis showed that in children born SGA who had catch-up or multiple healthcare visits, who were female or living in the Chongqing urban area, or their mothers had a higher educational levels had higher total ITQOL score. Conclusions SGA infants have lower QOL than AGA infats during their early childhood. Proper promotion of catch-up growth and regular healthcare visits will contribute to the improvement of the QOL of SGA infants. The QOL of SGA infants is also influcenced by children's sex, residence and the degree of mothers' educational levels.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 355-360 [Abstract] ( 5481 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1443KB] ( 1129 )
361 YANG Xiao-Yan, MA Yue, HU Yan-Lin, TANG Jun, SHI Jing, MU De-Zhi
Analysis of parents' compliance in non-hospital settings during operation of expressed breast milk bank
Objective To investigate the parents' compliance in non-hospital settings during the operation of expressed breast milk bank. Methods In September 2014, a questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the parents' willingness about feeding the inpatient neonates with maternal expressed breast milk, to evaluate the effectiveness of the breast milk feeding supporting system, and to monitor the compliance in non-hospital settings during the delivery of maternal expressed breast milk. Improvements in education were made according to the results. A second survey was done in September 2015. Results A total of 340 questionnaires were sent out, and 338 usable questionnaires were returned. According to the time when the questionnaires were sent out, they were divided into two groups: 2014 group (n=229) and 2015 group (n=109). The age of most mothers was 20-30 years in the 2014 group and 30-40 years in the 2015 group. Most mothers delivered at the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (74.3% vs 61.6%; P<0.05). Guidance was given to mothers in the presence of insufficient breast milk production in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (91.7% vs 79.9%; P<0.05). Both groups had good family compliance in the collection, storage, and transport of breast milk. There were no significant differences in their compliance with washing hands, sterilizing instruments, and using a clean special refrigerator between the two groups. The expressed breast milk was transported strictly according to the procedure in both groups, but the 2015 group had a significantly higher proportion than the 2014 group (100% vs 87.1%; P<0.05). Conclusions Before and after improvements in the health education, most parents have good compliance in the collection, storage, and transport of breast milk.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 361-364 [Abstract] ( 4678 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1255KB] ( 918 )
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2016 Vol. 18 (4): 319-319 [Abstract] ( 1887 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 741KB] ( 435 )
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2016 Vol. 18 (4): 323-323 [Abstract] ( 1783 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 743KB] ( 465 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
365 TAN Yu-Jie, ZHU Chun-Ling, MAO Hua-Xiong
Therapeutic effect of baicalin in treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unliateral ureteral obstruction and related mechanisms
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of baicalin at different doses administered for different periods of time in the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unliateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and related mechanisms. Methods Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation, model, low-dose baicalin, and high-dose baicalin groups, and each group was further randomly divided into 7-day and 14-day groups (n=8 each). Left ureteral ligation was used to establish the rat model of UUO. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the kidney. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Notch1, and Jagged1. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of TGF-β1 and Notch1. The Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Results Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration and edema in renal interstitium, tubular dilation and structure disorder, degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, and a basically normal structure of the glomeruli on days 7 and 14 in the model group, and these lesions were alleviated in the low-and high-dose baicalin groups. Compared with the sham-operation group, the model group had a significantly higher serum level of TGF-β1 and a significantly higher number of TGF-β1-positive cells in renal tissues on days 7 and 14 (P<0.05). Compared with the model group at the same time points, the high-and low-dose baicalin groups had a significantly lower serum level of TGF-β1 and a significantly lower number of TGF-β1-positive cells in renal tissues on days 7 and 14 (P<0.05). The serum level of Jagged1 showed no significant differences between any two groups on days 7 and 14 (P>0.05). The serum level of TGF-β1 was positively correlated with that of Notch1 (r=0.650, P<0.01), and the serum level of Notch1 was positively correlated with that of Jagged1 (r=0.727, P<0.01). TGF-β1 level in renal tissues was also positively correlated with the number of Notch1-positive cells (r=0.743, P<0.01). Conclusions Baicalin can alleviate renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats, probably by inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway and the expression of TGF-β1.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 365-371 [Abstract] ( 4580 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3715KB] ( 905 )
372 ZHU Meng-Ru, LIU Hai-Yan, LIU Pan-Pan, WU Hui
Establishment of the patent ductus arteriosus model in preterm rats Hot!

Objective To establish the patent ductus arteriosus model in preterm rats using the improved natural development method. Methods In the light of the flaws of the natural development method in establishing the patent ductus arteriosus model, the experimental technology was modified to avoid the influence of fixation, dehydration, and section method on blood vessel diameter. Cesarean section was performed for a Wistar rat pregnant for 19 days, and 8 neonatal rats were obtained. After they were sacrificed by dislocation, they were embedded as a whole to avoid dehydration, and the microsection and horizontal section were made. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, a microscope was used to measure the inner diameters of the ductus arteriosus, the main pulmonary artery, and the descending aorta. Results After the cesarean section for the rat pregnant for 19 days, patent ductus arteriosus occurred in all the 8 neonatal rats. The measurements of the inner diameters of blood vessels were as follows: the long diameter and short diameter of the descending aorta were 354±106 and 182±140 μm, respectively; the short diameter of the ductus arteriosus was 155±122 μm, and its area was 36 847±42 582 μm2; the long axis and short axis of the main pulmonary artery were 589±150 and 174±170 μm, respectively. Conclusions The improved natural development method can help to successfully establish the patent ductus arteriosus model in preterm rats.
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 372-375 [Abstract] ( 4643 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1855KB] ( 918 )
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
376 WANG Yi-Wen, JIA Yan-Jie
Clinical analysis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis complicated by paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity
No abstract available
2016 Vol. 18 (4): 376-378 [Abstract] ( 3922 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1055KB] ( 1242 )
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