CJCP
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2023 Vol.  25 No.  3
Published: 2023-03-22
TOPIC OF KAWASAKI DISEASE
EXPERT LECTURE
CLINICAL RESEARCH
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
REVIEW
EXPERT LECTURE
229 HUANG Hai-Bo, ZHU Xiao-Yu, CHEUNG Po-Yin
The evolution of approach in the resuscitation of neonates born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a tale of two countries, China and U.S.A., in the past 60 years Hot!
Neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) may develop complications including meconium aspiration syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn and death. The approach to the resuscitation of these neonates has significantly evolved for the past few decades. Initially, under direct visualization technique, neonates with MSAF were commonly suctioned below the vocal cords soon after delivery. Since 2015, Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP?) of the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended against "routine" endotracheal suctioning of non-vigorous neonates with MSAF but favored immediate resuscitation with positive pressure ventilation via face-mask bagging. However, the China neonatal resuscitation 2021 guidelines continue to recommend routine endotracheal suctioning of non-vigorous neonates born with MSAF at birth. This review article discusses the differences and the rationales in the approach in the resuscitation of neonates with MSAF between Chinese and American NRP? guidelines over the past 60 years.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 229-237 [Abstract] ( 1751 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 592KB] ( 1119 )
229 HUANG Hai-Bo, ZHU Xiao-Yu, CHEUNG Po-Yin
The evolution of approach in the resuscitation of neonates born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a tale of two countries, China and U.S.A., in the past 60 years Hot!
Neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) may develop complications including meconium aspiration syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn and death. The approach to the resuscitation of these neonates has significantly evolved for the past few decades. Initially, under direct visualization technique, neonates with MSAF were commonly suctioned below the vocal cords soon after delivery. Since 2015, Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP?) of the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended against "routine" endotracheal suctioning of non-vigorous neonates with MSAF but favored immediate resuscitation with positive pressure ventilation via face-mask bagging. However, the China neonatal resuscitation 2021 guidelines continue to recommend routine endotracheal suctioning of non-vigorous neonates born with MSAF at birth. This review article discusses the differences and the rationales in the approach in the resuscitation of neonates with MSAF between Chinese and American NRP? guidelines over the past 60 years.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 229-237 [Abstract] ( 0 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1004KB] ( 641 )
TOPIC OF KAWASAKI DISEASE
238 JIAO Fu-Yong, MU Zhi-Long, DU Zhong-Dong, YANG Xiao-Dong, SHEN Jie, XIANG Wei, WANG Hong
Diagnosis and treatment of incomplete Kawasaki disease in children
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile disease mainly observed in children aged <5 years, with medium- and small-vessel vasculitis as the main lesion. Although KD has been reported for more than 50 years and great progress has been made in the etiology and pathology of KD in recent years, there is still a lack of specific indicators for the early diagnosis of KD, especially with more difficulties in the diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD). At present, there are no clear diagnostic criteria for IKD, which leads to the failure of the timely identification and standardized treatment of IKD in clinical practice and even induce the development of coronary artery lesion. This article reviews the concept, epidemiological features, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up management of IKD, in order to deepen the understanding of IKD among clinical workers and help to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of KD in China.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 238-243 [Abstract] ( 1882 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 568KB] ( 1093 )
244 LI Shi-Yu, DING Yan
Expression of interleukin-17A in serum of children with intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease and its clinical significance
Objective To study the expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in the serum of children with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 143 children with KD who were hospitalized in Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from June 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled in this prospective study, among whom 115 had IVIG-sensitive KD and 28 had IVIG-resistant KD. After matching for sex and age, 110 children with acute respiratory infectious diseases (fever time ≥5 days but without KD) were enrolled as the control group. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum level of IL-17A. The levels of white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NE), platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to analyze the value of WBC, NE, CRP, and IL-17A in the prediction of IVIG-resistant KD. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictive factors for resistance to IVIG in children with KD. Results Before IVIG treatment, the KD group had a significantly higher serum level of IL-17A than the control group (P<0.05), and the children with IVIG-resistant KD had a significantly higher serum level of IL-17A than those with IVIG-sensitive KD (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that WBC, NE, CRP, and IL-17A had an area under the curve of 0.718, 0.741, 0.627, and 0.840, respectively, in the prediction of IVIG-resistant KD. With serum IL-17A ≥44.06 pg/mL as the cut-off value, IL-17A had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 81% in the prediction of IVIG-resistant KD. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high serum level of IL-17A was a predictive factor for resistance to IVIG in children with KD (OR=1.161, P=0.001). Conclusions Serum IL-17A levels are elevated in children with IVIG-resistant KD, and serum IL-17A level (≥44.06 pg/mL) may have a predictive value for resistance to IVIG in children with KD.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 244-249 [Abstract] ( 1270 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 583KB] ( 517 )
250 SUN Wen-Juan, SUN Yong-Hong
Recent research on the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in cardiac injury in children with Kawasaki disease
Kawasaki disease (KD), also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a systemic acute vasculitis belonging to autoimmune disease. Up to now, the specific pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear, and it may involve various factors such as immune response, inflammatory response, and vascular endothelial injury caused by the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In particular, children with KD and cardiac injury tend to have a poor prognosis, and researchers hope to explore the specific pathogenesis of cardiac injury in KD to provide new options for clinical diagnosis and treatment and reduce the incidence rate of this disorder. This article reviews the recent research on the role of the NF-κB signaling pathway in cardiac injury in children with KD, so as to provide a basis for future studies.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 250-252 [Abstract] ( 1489 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 461KB] ( 780 )
CLINICAL RESEARCH
253 LIU Zhi, ZHU Lei, SHENG Li-Ping, HUANG Qing-Chen, QIAN Tong, QI Bo-Xiang
A pilot study on the effects of early use of valproate sodium on neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury
Objective To study the effect of early use of sodium valproate on neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods A total of 45 children who visited in Xuzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from August 2021 to August 2022 were enrolled in this prospective study, among whom 15 healthy children served as the healthy control group, and 30 children with TBI were divided into a sodium valproate treatment group and a conventional treatment group using a random number table (n=15 each). The children in the sodium valproate treatment group were given sodium valproate in addition to conventional treatment, and those in the conventional group were given an equal volume of 5% glucose solution in addition to conventional treatment. The serum concentrations of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured in the healthy control group on the day of physical examination and in the children with TBI on days 1, 3, and 5 after admission. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) score was evaluated for the children with TBI 2 months after discharge. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the children with TBI had significantly higher serum concentrations of NLRP3, HMGB1, TNF-α, and IL-1β on day 1 after admission (P<0.017). The concentration of NLRP3 on day 5 after admission was significantly higher than that on days 1 and 3 after admission in the children with TBI (P<0.017). On days 3 and 5 after admission, the sodium valproate treatment group had a significantly lower concentration of NLRP3 than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). For the conventional treatment group, there was no significant difference in the concentration of HMGB1 on days 1, 3, and 5 after admission (P>0.017), while for the sodium valproate treatment group, the concentration of HMGB1 on day 5 after admission was significantly lower than that on days 1 and 3 after admission (P<0.017). On day 5 after admission, the sodium valproate treatment group had a significantly lower concentration of HMGB1 than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). For the children with TBI, the concentration of TNF-α on day 1 after admission was significantly lower than that on days 3 and 5 after admission (P<0.017). On days 3 and 5 after admission, the sodium valproate treatment group had a significantly lower concentration of TNF-α than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The concentration of IL-1β on day 3 after admission was significantly lower than that on days 1 and 5 after admission (P<0.017) in the children with TBI. On days 3 and 5 after admission, the sodium valproate treatment group had a significantly lower concentration of IL-1β than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The GOS-E score was significantly higher in the sodium valproate treatment group than that in the conventional treatment group 2 months after discharge (P<0.05). Conclusions Early use of sodium valproate can reduce the release of neuroinflammatory factors and improve the prognosis of children with TBI.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 253-258 [Abstract] ( 1286 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 577KB] ( 798 )
259 ZHONG Lin, ZHANG Jing, ZUO Peng-Xiang
The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies between symptoms and anxiety problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Objective To study the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies between symptoms and anxiety problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Convenience cluster sampling was performed to select 435 eligible children with ADHD from 10 211 students in 10 elementary schools in Kashgar of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. SNAP-IV Assessment Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, and Conners Parent Symptoms Questionnaire were used to obtain relevant information. The Spearman correlation analysis and the moderated mediation method were used for data analysis. Results For the children with ADHD, the score of cognitive reappraisal was negatively correlated with the scores of symptoms and anxiety problems (rs=-0.254 and -0.270 respectively, P<0.001), and the score of symptoms was positively correlated with the score of anxiety problems (rs=0.329, P<0.001). The analysis of mediating effect showed that cognitive reappraisal played a partial mediating role between symptoms and anxiety problems, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.008-0.027, and the mediating effect accounted for 16.10% of the total effect. In addition, sex played a regulatory role in this mediation model (P<0.001). Conclusions Cognitive reappraisal plays a mediating role between symptoms and anxiety problems in children with ADHD, while sex regulates the relationship of symptoms with cognitive reappraisal and anxiety problems in these children.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 259-264 [Abstract] ( 1342 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 577KB] ( 775 )
265 YANG Wen-Yu, LIU Li-Peng, LIU Fang, QI Ben-Quan, CHANG Li-Xian, ZHANG Li, CHEN Xiao-Juan, ZOU Yao, CHEN Yu-Mei, GUO Ye, ZHU Xiao-Fan
Clinical features and prognosis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: an analysis of 63 cases
Objective To investigate the clinical features of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and their association with prognosis. Methods Clinical and prognosis data were collected from the children with JMML who were admitted from January 2008 to December 2016, and the influencing factors for prognosis were analyzed. Results A total of 63 children with JMML were included, with a median age of onset of 25 months and a male/female ratio of 3.2∶1. JMML genetic testing was performed for 54 children, and PTPN11 mutation was the most common mutation and was observed in 23 children (43%), among whom 19 had PTPN11 mutation alone and 4 had compound PTPN11 mutation, followed by NRAS mutation observed in 14 children (26%), among whom 12 had NRAS mutation alone and 2 had compound NRAS mutation. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was only 22%±10% in these children with JMML. Of the 63 children, 13 (21%) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The HSCT group had a significantly higher 5-year OS rate than the non-HSCT group (46%±14% vs 29%±7%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the 5-year OS rate between the children without PTPN11 gene mutation and those with PTPN11 gene mutation (30%±14% vs 27%±10%, P>0.05). The Cox proportional-hazards regression model analysis showed that platelet count <40×109/L at diagnosis was an influencing factor for 5-year OS rate in children with JMML (P<0.05). Conclusions The PTPN11 gene was the most common mutant gene in JMML. Platelet count at diagnosis is associated with the prognosis in children with JMML. HSCT can improve the prognosis of children with JMML.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 265-271 [Abstract] ( 1391 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 608KB] ( 637 )
272 XIAO Li-Ping, ZHOU Li-Na, CHEN Jun-Jie, ZHANG Yan, TANG Xue-Mei, ZHOU Juan
A preliminary study on the role of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Objective To study the expression of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) in peripheral blood of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and its role in the pathogenesis of JIA. Methods In this prospective study, peripheral blood was collected from 47 children with different subtypes of JIA and 10 healthy children. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression levels of VISTA, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on CD14+ mononuclear cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Results The children with JIA had a significantly lower expression level of VISTA than the healthy children (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of VISTA between the children with different subtypes of JIA, with the lowest expression level in those with systemic JIA (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in the expression of VISTA between different immune cells, with a significantly higher expression level on the surface of monocytes (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that VISTA was negatively correlated with the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α on CD4+ T cells (r=-0.436 and -0.382 respectively, P<0.05), CD8+ T cells (r=-0.348 and -0.487 respectively, P<0.05), and CD14+ mononuclear cells (r=-0.582 and -0.603 respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions The insufficient expression of VISTA may be associated with the pathogenesis of JIA, and enhancing the immunomodulatory effect of VISTA might be one option for the treatment of JIA in the future.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 272-277 [Abstract] ( 1350 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 606KB] ( 393 )
278 FAN Peng-Kai, XIE Xin, CHEN Jing, SHI Li-Huan, GUO Ming-Fa, YANG Wei-Li, LIU Wei
Effect of breastfeeding on immune function in infants with human cytomegalovirus infection
Objective To study the effect of breastfeeding on immune function in infants with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 135 infants with HCMV infection who were admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to May 2022, and all these infants received breastfeeding. According to the results of breast milk HCMV-DNA testing, the infants were divided into two groups: breast milk HCMV positive (n=78) and breast milk HCMV negative (n=57). According to the median breast milk HCMV-DNA load, the infants in the breast milk HCMV positive group were further divided into two subgroups: high viral load and low viral load (n=39 each). Related indicators were compared between the breast milk positive and negative HCMV groups and between the breast milk high viral load and low viral load subgroups, including the percentages of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells), CD4+/CD8+ ratio, IgG, IgM, IgA, and urine HCMV-DNA load. Results There were no significant differences in the percentages of CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, IgG, IgM, IgA, and urine HCMV-DNA load between the breast milk HCMV positive and HCMV negative groups, as well as between the breast milk high viral load and low viral load subgroups (P>0.05). Conclusions Breastfeeding with HCMV does not affect the immune function of infants with HCMV infection.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 278-283 [Abstract] ( 1193 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 536KB] ( 636 )
284 YUAN Yuan-Hong, ZHANG Hui, XIAO Zheng-Hui, LU Xiu-Lan, XU Zhi-Yue, ZHANG Xin-Ping, KANG Xia-Yan, ZHAO Xiao-Ping, ZHU Li-Fen
Application of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children
Objective To study the application value of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children. Methods The critically ill children in Hunan Children's Hospital who were transported with or without a transport ventilator were included as the observation group (from January 2019 to January 2020; n=122) and the control group (from January 2018 to January 2019; n=120), respectively. The two groups were compared in terms of general data, the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation during transport, the incidence rates of adverse events, and outcomes. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, oxygenation index, pediatric critical illness score, course of disease, primary disease, heart rate, respiratory rate, and transcutaneous oxygen saturation before transport (P>0.05). During transport, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and transcutaneous oxygen saturation (P>0.05). The incidence rates of tracheal catheter detachment, indwelling needle detachment, and sudden cardiac arrest in the observation group were lower than those in the control group during transport, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit and significantly higher transport success rate and cure/improvement rate (P<0.05). Conclusions The application of transport ventilator in the inter-hospital transport can improve the success rate of inter-hospital transport and the prognosis in critically ill children, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application in the inter-hospital transport of critically ill children.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 284-288 [Abstract] ( 1114 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 534KB] ( 398 )
289 SU Hang, DUAN Feng-Yang, REN Xian-Qing, ZHANG Xia, YAN Yong-Bin
Clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by Delta variant infection in different age groups
Objective To study the clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Delta variant infection in different ages groups. Methods A total of 45 children with COVID-19 caused by Delta variant infection who were hospitalized in the designated hospital in Henan Province, China, from November 17 to December 17, 2021, were included. They were divided into three groups: <6 years group (n=16), 6-13 years group (n=16), and >13 years group (n=13). The three groups were compared in clinical features and laboratory examination data. Results COVID-19 in all age groups was mainly mild. Main manifestations included cough and expectoration in the three groups, and fever was only observed in the 6-13 years group. The <6 years group had significantly higher serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase isoenzymes than the other two groups (P<0.05). The 6-13 years group had the highest proportion of children with elevated serum creatinine levels (50%). Among the three groups, only 4 children in the >13 years group had an increase in serum C-reactive protein levels. The 6-13 years group had the lowest counts of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes, and natural killer cells in the peripheral blood among the three groups. The >13 years group had a significantly higher positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG on admission than the other two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the imaging findings on chest CT among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The clinical features of COVID-19 caused by Delta variant infection in children of different age groups may be different: children aged <6 years tend to develop myocardial injury, and those aged 6-13 years have fever except cough and expectoration and tend to develop renal and immune dysfunction.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 289-294 [Abstract] ( 1181 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 553KB] ( 755 )
295 SHI Hong-Ke, LIANG Ke-Ling, AN Li-Hua, ZHANG Bing, ZHANG Cheng-Yun
Efficacy of noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation as post-extubation respiratory support in preterm infants: a Meta analysis
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) versus nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) as post-extubation respiratory support in preterm infants. Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles on NHFOV and NIPPV as post-extubation respiratory support in preterm infants published up to August 31, 2022. RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 17.0 software were used for a Meta analysis to compare related indices between the NHFOV and NIPPV groups, including reintubation rate within 72 hours after extubation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) at 6-24 hours after switch to noninvasive assisted ventilation, and the incidence rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), air leak, nasal damage, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Results A total of 9 randomized controlled trials were included. The Meta analysis showed that compared with the NIPPV group, the NHFOV group had significantly lower reintubation rate within 72 hours after extubation (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.88, P=0.003) and PCO2 at 6-24 hours after switch to noninvasive assisted ventilation (MD=-4.12, 95%CI: -6.12 to -2.13, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rates of complications such as BPD, air leak, nasal damage, PVL, IVH, and ROP (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with NIPPV, NHFOV can effectively remove CO2 and reduce the risk of reintubation, without increasing the incidence of complications such as BPD, air leak, nasal damage, PVL, and IVH, and therefore, it can be used as a sequential respiratory support mode for preterm infants after extubation.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 295-301 [Abstract] ( 1758 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1125KB] ( 709 )
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
302 SONG Li-Fang, WANG Li, TANG Zhi-Hui, XIAN Yi-Xin, LIU Kai, MA Yuan-Ning
Clinical features of autoimmune encephalitis secondary to epidemic encephalitis B in 5 children
Objective To study the clinical features of children with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) secondary to epidemic encephalitis B (EEB). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of five children with EEB with "bipolar course" who were treated in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to June 2022. Results Among the five children, there were three boys and two girls, with a median age of onset of 7 years (range 3 years 9 months to 12 years) and a median time of 32 (range 25-37) days from the onset of EEB to the appearance of AE symptoms. The main symptoms in the AE stage included dyskinesia (5/5), low-grade fever (4/5), mental and behavioral disorders (4/5), convulsion (2/5), severe disturbance of consciousness (2/5), and limb weakness (1/5). Compared with the results of cranial MRI in the acute phase of EEB, the lesions were enlarged in 3 children and unchanged in 2 children showed on cranial MRI in the AE stage. In the AE stage, four children were positive for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody (one was also positive for anti-γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor antibody), and one was negative for all AE antibodies. All five children in the AE stage responded to immunotherapy and were followed up for 3 months, among whom one almost recovered and four still had neurological dysfunction. Conclusions EEB can induce AE, with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis as the most common disease. The symptoms in the AE stage are similar to those of classical anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Immunotherapy is effective for children with AE secondary to EEB, and the prognosis might be related to neurological dysfunction in the acute phase of EEB.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 302-307 [Abstract] ( 1367 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 818KB] ( 710 )
REVIEW
308 HUANG Jin-Yue, ZHANG Bi-Li, LIU Wei
Clinical diagnostic techniques for rare genetic diseases in children: current status, advances, and thoughts
Rare diseases refer to a group of single diseases with low incidence rates, complex pathogeneses, severe disease conditions, and rapid progression. Most rare diseases have a genetic background and may occur in childhood. Paying attention to the rare genetic diseases in children and performing early diagnosis and treatment can effectively delay the course of disease and improve the quality of life of children. Many rare diseases can be diagnosed with the help of various experimental techniques, but the diagnosis of rare diseases is still not widely understood. This article summarizes the laboratory diagnostic techniques currently used for rare genetic diseases in children, so as to provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases and help to enhance the theoretical understanding and precise medical treatment of rare genetic diseases in children.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 308-314 [Abstract] ( 1416 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 594KB] ( 1228 )
315 QIN Li-Jiao, MAI Hui-Rong
Recent research on cognitive impairment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant neoplastic disease in children. With the continuous improvement in diagnosis and treatment, there has been an increasing number of ALL children who achieve long-term survival after complete remission; however, a considerable proportion of these children have cognitive impairment, which has a serious adverse impact on their learning, employment, and social life. This article reviews the latest research on cognitive impairment in children with ALL from the aspects of the influencing factors, detection techniques, and prevention/treatment methods for cognitive impairment.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 315-320 [Abstract] ( 1407 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 530KB] ( 518 )
321 ZHENG Ya-Xin, JIANG Li
Recent research on cytokines associated with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, and little is known about its immune mechanism at present. There is a lack of disease-related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid except anti-NMDAR antibody, which leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment in some patients. Therefore, there has been an increasing number of studies on related cytokines in recent years to assess whether they can be used as new biomarkers for evaluating disease conditions and assisting diagnosis and treatment. Current studies have shown that some cytokines may be associated with the progression of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and this article reviews the research advances in such cytokines associated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 321-327 [Abstract] ( 1303 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 637KB] ( 534 )
328 YAO Ke-Ke, DONG Qiang-Li, YE Lan-Xian
Recent research on the association between depressive disorder and gene polymorphisms in adolescents
Biogenetics plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder in adolescents. Various genetic polymorphism studies have updated the understanding of adolescent depressive disorder. However, due to the influence of gene-environment interaction and age of puberty, the influence of gene polymorphisms on adolescent depressive disorder is complicated to clarify. Investigating and clarifying the relationship between gene polymorphisms and adolescent depressive disorder will promote the research on the pathogenesis of this disorder and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of this disorder. This article reviews the genetic polymorphisms related to adolescent depressive disorder.
2023 Vol. 25 (3): 328-332 [Abstract] ( 1585 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 536KB] ( 838 )
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