Abstract Objective To establish the patent ductus arteriosus model in preterm rats using the improved natural development method. Methods In the light of the flaws of the natural development method in establishing the patent ductus arteriosus model, the experimental technology was modified to avoid the influence of fixation, dehydration, and section method on blood vessel diameter. Cesarean section was performed for a Wistar rat pregnant for 19 days, and 8 neonatal rats were obtained. After they were sacrificed by dislocation, they were embedded as a whole to avoid dehydration, and the microsection and horizontal section were made. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, a microscope was used to measure the inner diameters of the ductus arteriosus, the main pulmonary artery, and the descending aorta. Results After the cesarean section for the rat pregnant for 19 days, patent ductus arteriosus occurred in all the 8 neonatal rats. The measurements of the inner diameters of blood vessels were as follows: the long diameter and short diameter of the descending aorta were 354±106 and 182±140 μm, respectively; the short diameter of the ductus arteriosus was 155±122 μm, and its area was 36 847±42 582 μm2; the long axis and short axis of the main pulmonary artery were 589±150 and 174±170 μm, respectively. Conclusions The improved natural development method can help to successfully establish the patent ductus arteriosus model in preterm rats.
Reese J. Patent ductus arteriosus: mechanisms and management[J]. Semin Perinatol, 2012, 36(2): 89-91.
[2]
Evans N. Preterm patent ductus arteriosus: a continuing conundrum for the neonatologist?[J]. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med, 2015, 20(4): 272-277.
[3]
Ohlsson A, Walia R, Shah SS. Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, 2: CD003481.
[4]
Huang YY, Wong YS, Chan JN, et al. A fully biodegradable patent ductus arteriosus occlude[J]. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2015, 26(2): 93.
[5]
Tanke RB, van Heijst AF, Klaessens JH, et al. Measurement of the ductal L-R shunt during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the lamb[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 2004, 39(1): 43-47.
[6]
Hsieh YT, Liu NM, Ohmori E, et al. Transcription profiles of the ductus arteriosus in Brown-Norway rats with irregular elastic fiber formation[J]. Circ J, 2014, 78(5): 1224-1233.
[7]
Baeten JT, Jackson AR, McHugh KM, et al. Loss of Notch 2 and Notch 3 in vascular smooth muscle causes patent ductus arteriosus[J]. Genesis, 2015, 53(12): 738-748.
[8]
Bökenkamp R, van Brempt R, van Munsteren JC, et al. Dlx 1 and Rgs 5 in the ductus arteriosus: vessel-specific genes identified by transcriptional profiling of laser-capture microdissected endothelial and smooth muscle cells[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(1): e86892.
[9]
Yokota T, Aida T, Ichikawa Y, et al. Low-dose thromboxane A2 receptor stimulation promotes closure of the rat ductus arteriosus with minimal adverse effects[J]. Pediatr Res, 2012, 72(2): 129-136.
[10]
Yokota T, Shiraishi R, Aida T, et al. Thromboxane A(2) receptor stimulation promotes closure of the rat ductus arteriosus through enhancing neointima formation[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e94895.
[11]
Toyono M, Ito T, Harada K, et al. Morphological adaptation of the cardiovascular system in fetal rats during late gestation[J]. Tohoku J Exp Med, 1999, 188(4): 299-309.
[12]
Coceani F, Baragatti B. Mechanisms for ductus arteriosus closure[J]. Semin Perinatol, 2012, 36(2): 92-97.
[13]
Trivedi D B, Sugimoto Y, Loftin C D . Attenuated cyclooxygenase-2 expression contributes to patent ductus arteriosus in preterm mice[J]. Pediatr Res, 2006, 60(6): 669-674.
