Abstract Childhood obesity has been rising dramatically in recent years and most patients are insulin resistant. Recent studies have indicated that cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector C (CIDEC) is responsible for the development of insulin resistance. CIDEC regulates adipogenesis, lipid storage and lipolysis, thus protecting insulin target tissues from lipotoxity. This paper reviews current findings on the structure and function of CIDEC, its transcriptional and post-translational regulations, and the underlying mechanism of CIDEC causing insulin resistance. As a novel lipid droplet protein, CIDEC may be a drug target for treatment of insulin resistance and relevant metabolic disorders.
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