Clinical features of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: an analysis of 13 cases
LIU Chao, CHEN Xiao-Yan, WU Wen-Qi, AN Wen-Bin, CHANG Li-Xian, LAN Yang, YI Mei-Hui, CAI Yu-Li, FENG Jing, ZHU Xiao-Fan
Department of Pediatric Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
Abstract Objective To study the clinical features of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 13 children with WAS. Results All 13 children were boys, with a median age of onset of 3 months (range 1-48 months) and a median age of 24 months (range 1-60 months) at the time of diagnosis. Of the 13 children, only 3 had typical WAS and the remaining 10 children had X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT). The mean WAS score was 2 (range 1-3), the mean platelet count was 20.5×109/L[range (13-46)×109/L], and the mean platelet volume was 8.1 fl (range 6.7-12.1 fl). Lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins were measured for 4 children, among whom 1 (25%) had a reduction in both the percentage of CD3+T cells per lymphocyte and lymphocyte per nuclear cells, 1(25%) had a reduction in CD3-CD56+ NK cells. Among these 4 children, 1 (25%) had an increase in IgG, 2 (50%) had a reduction in IgM, 1 (25%) had a reduction in IgA, and 4 (100%) had an increase in IgE. A total of 14 gene mutations belonging to 13 types were found in 13 children, among which there were 9 missense mutations (65%), 2 splicing mutations (14%), 2 nonsense mutation (14%), and 1 frameshift mutation (7%). The median follow-up time was 39 months (range 3-62 months), and all 13 children survived. Conclusions Children with WAS often have a young age of onset, and most of them are boys. Major clinical features include thrombocytopenia with a reduction in platelet volume. Missense mutation is the main type of gene mutation.
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