CJCP
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2016 Vol.  18 No.  1
Published: 2016-01-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
CASE ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CLINICAL RESEARCH
1 TAO Hai-Feng, TAO Min, CAI Na, LIAO Wei
Apllication of nasal synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome after extubation
Objective To study the clinical efficacy of nasal synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation (nSIMV) in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) after extubation. Methods A retrospective analysis on the clinical date of 126 premature infants with severe RDS who were hospitalized in the NICU between January 2013 and May 2015 was performed. Sixty-one premature infants who were hospitalized in the NICU between January 2013 and March 2014 received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) (nCPAP group) and 65 premature infants who were hospitalized in the NICU between April 2014 and May 2015 received nSIMV (nSIMV group). The blood gas analysis indexes, the rate of extubation failure, the causes of extubation failure and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results After 4 hours of treatment, the pH value, PaO2, SaO2 and oxygenation index in the nSIMV group were significantly higher than in the nCPAP group (P<0.05), meanwhile, the PaCO2 in the nSIMV group were significantly lower than in the nCPAP group (P<0.05). The rates of extubation failure in the nSIMV and nCPAP groups were 9% (6/65) and 30% (18/61) respectively (P<0.05). The extubation failure in the nSIMV and nCPAP groups was caused by hyoxemia (2% vs 5%; P>0.05), hypercapnia (6% vs 11%; P>0.05) and apnea (2% vs 13%; P<0.05). There were no differences in respirator support time, full enteral feeding time, the time to regain birth weight and the length of hospitalization between two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the incidence of abdominal distension in the nSIMV group was significantly lower than in the nCPAP group (9% vs 30%; P<0.05) and there were no differences in the incidences of feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonory dysplasia between the two groups. Conclusions nSIMV for premature infants with severe RDS after extubation not only significantly improves lung function and reduces the rate of extubation failure, also results in a lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects and does not increase the incidence of complications.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 1-5 [Abstract] ( 4993 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1123KB] ( 1277 )
6 LIU Chen-Zhou, HUANG Bi-Yin, TAN Bao-Ying, GUAN Hao-Feng, XU Xiao-Hui, GUO Qing-Yun
Efficacy of volume-targeted ventilation for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Objective To investigate the efficacy of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods Fifty-two neonates with NRDS between August 2013 and August 2015 were randomly divided into two groups: VTV and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) (n=26 each ). A/C+Vc+ ventilation model was applied in the VTV group, and A/C+PCV ventilation model was applied in the PCV group. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed at 6, 24, and 48 hours after ventilation. The following parameters were observed: time of invasive ventilation, duration of oxygen therapy, mortality, and the incidence rates of hypocapnia, pneumothorax, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), grade III-IV periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVHIVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Results Compared with the PCV group, the VTV group had a significantly shorter time of invasive ventilation (P<0.05) and significantly lower incidence rates of hypocapnia, VAP, and PVL (P<0.05); however, there were no significant differences in the duration of oxygen therapy, mortality, and incidence rates of pneumothorax, grade III-IV PVH-IVH, BPD, and ROP. Conclusions VTV has a better efficacy than PCV in the treatment of NRDS, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 6-9 [Abstract] ( 5342 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1066KB] ( 1951 )
10 LAI Juan, DU Li-Zhong, XIONG Guo-Qiang, GAO Xi-Rong
Clinical epidemiological characteristics of neonatal respiratory failure: an analysis of 1 108 neonates
Objective To investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristics of neonatal respiratory failure in 1 108 neonates, and to provide a reference for improvement in clinical treatment and multicenter clinical studies. Methods The clinical data of 1 108 neonates with respiratory failure were collected with questionnaires, and statistical analysis was performed for the epidemiological indices including primary diseases, clinical therapeutic methods, treatment outcome, and fatality. Results In all the neonates with respiratory failure, the median gestational age was 37 weeks +1 day, the median birth weight was 2 600 g, the median age in days on admission to neonatal intensive care unit was 0.71 days (17 hours), and the boy/girl ratio was 3.1:1. The major primary diseases were respiratory distress syndrome (30.51%), pulmonary infection/sepsis (23.55%), and wet lung (13.18%). Of all the neonates, 48.64% received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), 12.81% received high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, 13.45% received pulmonary surfactant, and 8.66% received nitric oxide inhalation therapy. The fatality was 24.19%. Conclusions The major primary disease for neonatal respiratory failure is respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary surfactant, nCPAP, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and nitric oxide inhalation therapy are major therapeutic methods for neonatal respiratory failure, but neonatal respiratory failure still has a high fatality.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 10-14 [Abstract] ( 5531 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1118KB] ( 1483 )
15 DU Jin-Feng, LIU Tian-Tian, WU Hui
Risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus in early preterm infants: a case-control study
Objective To investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and to provide a clinical basis for reducing the occurrence of PDA in early preterm infants. Methods A total of 136 early preterm infants (gestational age ≤32 weeks) who were hospitalized between January 2013 and December 2014 and diagnosed with hemodynamicalhy significant PDA (hs-PDA) were enrolled as the case group. Based on the matched case-control principle, 136 early preterm infants without hs-PDA were selected among those who were hospitalized within the same period at a ratio of 1:1 and enrolled as the control group. The two groups were matched for sex and gestational age. The basic information of neonates and maternal conditions during the pregnancy and perinatal periods were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for the development of PDA. Results Univariate analysis showed that neonatal infectious diseases, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, decreased platelet count within 24 hours after birth, and low birth weight were associated with the development of hs-PDA (P<0.05). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that neonatal infectious diseases (OR=2.368) and decreased platelet count within 24 hours after birth (OR=0.996) were independent risk factors for hs-PDA. Conclusions Neonatal infectious diseases and decreased platelet count within 24 hours after birth increase the risk of hs-PDA in early preterm infants.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 15-19 [Abstract] ( 5457 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1177KB] ( 1393 )
20 WANG Chen, GAO Jin-Song, YU Song-Lin, QIU Ling, ZENG Lin, WANG Dan-Hua
Correlation between neonatal vitamin D level and maternal vitamin D level
Objective To investigate the correlation between neonatal and maternal vitamin D levels. Methods From June 1 to July 10, 2015, umbilical venous blood samples were collected from 102 full-term single neonates, and venous blood samples were collected from their mothers. Ultra-performance liquid chromatographywith isotope dilution was applied to measure the serum 25(OH)D level. Results Vitamin D insufficiency was found in 39 mothers (38.2%) and 27 neonates (26.5%), and vitamin D deficiency was found in 25 mothers (24.5%) and 66 neonates (64.7%). Neonatal serum 25(OH)D level differed significantly between the groups of mothers with different serum 25(OH)D levels (P<0.001). Maternal 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with neonatal vitamin D level (r=0.914, P<0.001). When the receiver operating characteristic curve for maternal 25(OH)D level was used to predict neonatal vitamin D deficiency (≤15 ng/mL), the area under the curve was 0.962 (95%CI: 0.930-0.994; P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of maternal serum 25(OH)D level ≤27.55 ng/mL to predict neonatal vitamin D deficiency were 97.2% and 80.3%, respectively. Conclusions Neonatal vitamin D level is positively correlated with maternal vitamin D level. Maternal vitamin D level can help to predict neonatal vitamin D deficiency.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 20-23 [Abstract] ( 4860 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1166KB] ( 1306 )
24 CAO Xiao-Yan, ZHANG Hui-Rong, ZHANG Wei, CHEN Bo
Diagnostic values of urinary netrin-1 and kidney injury molecule-1 for acute kidney injury induced by neonatal asphyxia
Objective To investigate the values of urinary netrin-1 and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by neonatal asphyxia. Methods A total of 80 full-term neonates with asphyxia were enrolled (mild asphyxia: 34 neonates; severe asphyxia: 46 neonates). Forty normal full-term neonates were selected as the control group. Urinary samples were collected from the neonates in the three groups within 12 hours and 13-48 hours after birth. ELISA was applied to measure urinary levels of netrin-1 and KIM-1. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected to measure serum creatinine (Scr) level. Results Compared with the control group, the asphyxia group had significantly higher urinary levels of netrin-1 and KIM-1 within 48 hours after birth and a significantly higher Scr level within 13-48 hours after birth (P<0.05). The neonates in the AKI group had significantly higher urinary levels of netrin-1 and KIM-1 and Scr level within 48 hours after birth than those in the non-AKI group (P<0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for urinary netrin-1 and KIM-1 levels within 12 hours after birth to predict AKI after asphyxia were 0.878 (95% CI: 0.775-0.981; P<0.01) and 0.899 (95% CI: 0.829-0.969; P<0.01), respectively. Any two indicators of urinary netrin-1 level, urinary KIM-1 level, and Scr level within 12 hours after neonatal asphyxia had a positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusions Urinary netrin-1 and KIM-1 levels increase significantly when neonates with asphyxia develop AKI. Urinary netrin-1 and KIM-1 can be used as indicators for the early diagnosis of AKI after asphyxia.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 24-28 [Abstract] ( 5065 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1360KB] ( 1223 )
29 WANG Zhi-Jian, ZHU Mei-Hua, ZHANG Li, CHEN Jun-Chu, ZHU Li-Ling, LIANG Min, PENG Yun
Renal artery injury caused by Kawasaki disease
Objective To investigate renal artery injury caused by Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods Forty-three children with KD were enrolled in the study. According to the blood pressure in the acute stage, these children were classified into normal blood pressure subgroup and increased blood pressure subgroup. Eighteen children with fever caused by acute upper respiratory tract infection were enrolled as the control group. The diameter of the origin of the main renal artery, hemodynamic parameters of the main renal artery and the renal interlobar artery, rennin activity, and levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone were compared between groups. Results During the acute stage of KD, both subgroups had a significantly smaller diameter of the origin of the main renal artery, a significantly higher resistance index (RI) of the main renal artery, and a significantly lower end-diastolic velocity (EDV) than the control group (P<0.05). The increased blood pressure subgroup had a significantly lower EDV of the interlobar artery than the normal blood pressure subgroup, a significantly higher RI than the normal blood pressure subgroup and the control group, as well as a significantly higher rennin activity and significantly higher levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone than the normal blood pressure subgroup (P<0.05). A significantly increased EDV and a significantly reduced RI of the renal interlobar artery were observed in the increased blood pressure subgroup in the subacute stage compared with the acute stage (P<0.05). Conclusions KD may cause renal artery injury and early hemodynamic changes, resulting in a transient increase in blood pressure in some patients.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 29-33 [Abstract] ( 5324 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1218KB] ( 1242 )
34 ZHANG Li, LIU Xiao-Ming, GUO Ye, YANG Wen-Yu, ZHANG Jia-Yuan, LIU Fang, LIU Tian-Feng, WANG Shu-Chun, CHEN Xiao-Juan, RUAN Min, QI Ben-Quan, CHANG Li-Xian, ZOU Yao, CHEN Yu-Mei, ZHU Xiao-Fan
Detection of copy number variations in pediatric ETV6/RUNX1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
Objective To investigate the application of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in the detection of copy number variations (CNVs) in pediatric ETV6/RUNX1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), to compare this method with conventional karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and to evaluate the value of MLPA. Methods The clinical data of 95 children with ETV6/RUNX1-positive ALL who were treated from January 2006 to November 2012 were analyzed retrospectively, including clinical features, results of karyotype analysis, and results of FISH. CNVs were detected with MLPA. Results CNVs were detected in 73 (77%) , and the median number of CNVs was 1 (range 0-6). The CNVs of EBF1, CDKN2A/2B, PAX5, ETV6, RB1, and BTG1 were detected in more than 10% of all the patients. The changes in the chromosome segments carrying the genes with CNVs detected by MLPA were not detected by conventional karyotype analysis. The coincidence rate between the CNVs in ETV6 gene detected by FISH and those detected by MLPA was 66%. Conclusions MLPA is an efficient and convenient method to detect CNVs in children with ETV6/RUNX1-positive ALL.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 34-38 [Abstract] ( 5862 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1238KB] ( 1374 )
39 WANG Wei, LIN Shu-Xiang, LI Sheng-Ying, HOU Xiao-Ju, HUANG Jing-Fu, ZHU Yi-Min, YANG Hong-Jiang
Detection and analysis of bocavirus in hospitalized children with respiratory infection
Objective To detect human bocavirus (HBoV) and investigate its genetic and evolutionary characteristics in children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 1 259 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children with a confirmed diagnosis of acute respiratory infection between January and December, 2012. Viral nucleic acid was extracted, HBoV was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the gene segments of nucleocapsid protein of HBoV in positive samples were amplified by PCR. Several products were randomly selected and sequenced.The sequence obtained was compared with the known sequence of HBoV, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. All the samples were examined to detect for other common respiratory tract viruses. Results Among the 1 259 samples, the positive rate of HBoV was 4.53% (57/1 259), and among the 57 samples with positive HBoV, 75% (43/57) were positive in children with an age of 6-36 months. The positive rate of HBoV in children peaked in summer (from June to August), and there was a mixed infection with other viruses. Sequence analysis was performed for the PCR products from 36 positive samples, and the presence of HBoV was confirmed, with a higher homology to the known sequence of HBoV. Conclusions In Tianjin, acute respiratory infection in some children may be associated with HBoV infection, which is commonly seen in infants with an age of 6-36 months. The peak of HBoV infection occurs in summer. The phylogenetic analysis shows a high homology to the known sequence of HBoV, with few gene sequence variations.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 39-43 [Abstract] ( 4675 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1388KB] ( 918 )
44 WANG Shu-Hui, JI Wei, ZHANG Xin-Xing, GU Wen-Jing, YAN Yong-Dong, ZHOU Wei-Fang, HUANG Li, WANG Mei-Juan, TAO Yun-Zhen
Bacterial pathogenic characteristics of respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou, China: an analysis of 14 994 cases
Objective To investigate the bacterial pathogenic characteristics of respiratory tract infection in children. Methods The medical data from 14 994 children with respiratory tract infection who were hospitalized in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University between November 2005 and October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Among the 14 994 sputum samples from the children with respiratory tract infection, 3 947 (26.32%) had a positive bacterial culture. The most common bacterial pathogen was Streptococcus pneumonia (12.79%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (5.02%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (2.91%). The bacterial detection rates differed significantly in different years and seasons and children of different ages (P<0.01). The children who had not taken antibacterial agents before admission had a significantly higher positive bacterial culture rate than those who had taken antibacterial agents (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the bacterial detection rate among the children with different course of disease (<1 month, 1-3 months and >3 months) (P<0.05). The detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis and Acinetobacter baumannii showed an increased trend with a prolonged disease course (P<0.05). Conclusions Streptococcus pneumonia is the most common bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infection in children, followed by Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The detection rate of bacterial pathogens varies in different years and seasons and children of different ages. The course of the disease and application of antibacterial agents outside hospital can affect the detection rate of bacterial pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 44-50 [Abstract] ( 4861 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1482KB] ( 1196 )
51 LI Quan-Heng, GAO Wen-Jie, LI Jin-Ying, SHI Ling-Ai, HAO Xiao-Jing, GE Sheng-Wang, AN Shu-Hua
Detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: an analysis of 5 150 children
Objective To investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses on throat swabs in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI). Methods A total of 5 150 children with ALRTI who were admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital between March 2014 and February 2015 were enrolled to investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with ALRTI. Direct immunofluorescence assay was performed for throat swabs from these children to detect influenza virus A (FA), influenza virus B (FB), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (PIV-1, PIV-2, and PIV-3). Results Of all the 5 150 throat swabs from hospitalized children, 2 155 (41.84%) had positive virus detection results. RSV had the highest detection rate (1 338 cases/25.98%), followed by PIV-3 (439 cases/8.52%) and FA (166 cases/3.22%), and 29 patients had mixed infection with 2 viruses. With the increasing age, the detection rates of viruses tended to decrease (χ2=279.623; P<0.01). The positive rate of RSV increased gradually from September, and reached the peak value (60.09%) in November; the lowest positive rate occurred in June (1.51%). The positive rate of PIV-3 was the highest in May (21.38%) and the lowest in November (1.77%). Conclusions The distribution of viruses in children with ALRTI varies with age and season, with RSV prevalence in autumn and winter and PIV-3 prevalence in spring and summer. RSV is the most common viral pathogen that causes ALRTI in hospitalized children.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 51-54 [Abstract] ( 5335 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1241KB] ( 1240 )
55 WANG Jing, PAN Jia-Hua
Impact of obesity on response to therapy and pulmonary function in children with asthma
Objective To investigate the effects of obesity on response to therapy and pulmonary function in children with asthma who receive inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. Methods A total of 129 children with asthma were divided into two groups according to their body mass index: normal weight group (n=64) and obese group (n=65). The asthma control status and pulmonary function were compared between the two groups after one year of ICS treatment. The pulmonary function was expressed as percent forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%), percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%), peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity (PEF25), and peak expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (PEF50). The asthma control status was expressed as complete control rate, partial control rate, and uncontrolled rate. Sixty-eight healthy children were selected as the healthy control group. Results There were significant differences in the indices of pulmonary function between the three groups before treatment (P<0.01); the healthy control group had the best values of pulmonary function, while the obese group had the worst values. After 1 year of treatment, the normal weight group showed significantly more improvements in FEV1% and FVC% than the obese group (P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in improvements in PEF, PEF25, and PEF50 between the two groups. The complete control rate, partial control rate, and uncontrolled rate in the normal weight group were 72%, 19%, and 9%, respectively, while the rates in the obese group were 28%, 51%, and 22%, respectively; the normal weight group had a significantly better asthma control status than the obese group (P<0.01). Conclusions The asthmatic children with obesity have a significantly less improvement in large airway function and a poorer asthma control status after ICS treatment than those with the normal weight.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 55-60 [Abstract] ( 5975 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1404KB] ( 1363 )
61 ZHAO Qiao, LI Yu-Ling, Enherbayaer, LIU Yan, DING Yi
Association between anxiety-depression and 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism in school-aged twins
Objective To investigate the association between anxiety-depression and 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism in school-aged twins. Methods A total of 147 pairs of twins (47 pairs of monozygotic twins, 100 pairs of dizygotic twins) aged 8-12 years from Baotou and Hohhot were selected as respondents. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to calculate the scores of anxiety-depression factors in school-aged twins. The DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells, and polymerase chain reaction was applied for 5-HTTLPR genotyping. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the effect of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and family environment on anxiety-depression in school-aged twins. Results The children with LS and SS genotypes had significantly higher scores of anxiety-depression factors than those with LL genotype (χ2=3.938, P<0.05). The interaction of 5-HTTLPR genotype with family cohesion and family rearing patterns had a significant impact on the scores of anxiety-depression factors in twins (χ2=6.129 and 7.665, both P<0.05). Conclusions 5-HTTLPR genotype is significantly correlated with the scores of anxiety-depression factors in school-aged twins. In the family with high cohesion and an autocratic family rearing pattern, S allele may increase the possibility of anxiety-depression in twin children.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 61-66 [Abstract] ( 5005 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1538KB] ( 1062 )
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2016 Vol. 18 (1): 14-14 [Abstract] ( 1900 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 797KB] ( 674 )
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2016 Vol. 18 (1): 38-38 [Abstract] ( 1645 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 811KB] ( 630 )
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2016 Vol. 18 (1): 54-54 [Abstract] ( 1741 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 784KB] ( 544 )
CASE ANALYSIS
67 DING Yuan, LI Xi-Yuan, LIU Yu-Peng, LI Dong-Xiao, SONG Jin-Qing, LI Meng-Qiu, QIN Ya-Ping, WU Tong-Fei, YANG Yan-Ling
Psychomotor retardation and intermitent convulsions for 8 months in an infant
This study reports a boy with psychomotor retardation and epilepsy due to maternal phenylketonuria (PKU). The boy was admitted at the age of 20 months because of psychomotor retardation and epilepsy. He had seizures from the age of 1 year. His development quotient was 43. He presented with microcephaly, normal skin and hair color. Brain MRI scan showed mild cerebral white matter demyelination, broadening bilateral lateral ventricle and foramen magnum stricture. Chromosome karyotype, urine organic acids, blood amino acids and acylcarnitines were normal. His mother had mental retardation from her childhood. She presented with learning difficulties and yellow hair. Her premarriage health examinations were normal. She married a healthy man at age of 26 years. When she visited us at 28 years old, PKU was found by markedly elevated blood phenylalanine (916.54 μmol/L vs normal range 20-120 μmol/L). On her phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, a homozygous mutations c.611A>G (p.Y204C) was identified, which confirmed the diagnosis of PAH-deficient PKU. Her child carries a heterozygous mutation c.611A>G with normal blood phenylalanine. Her husband had no any mutation on PAH. It is concluded that family investigation is very important for the etiological diagnosis of the children with mental retardation and epilepsy. Carefully clinical and metabolic survey should be performed for the parents with mental problems to identify parental diseases-associated child brain damage, such as maternal PKU.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 67-71 [Abstract] ( 4676 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1282KB] ( 1286 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
72 YANG Xi, DONG Wen-Bin, LI Qing-Ping, KANG Lan, LEI Xiao-Ping, ZHANG Lian-Yu, LU You-Ying, ZHAI Xue-Song
Resveratrol increases sirtuin 1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of premature infants and inhibits the oxidative stress induced by hyperoxia in vivo
Objective To explore the effect of resveratrol on the levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of premature infants exposed to hyperoxia. Methods Peripheral blood and isolated PBMCs from premature infants (gestational age <32 weeks) without oxygen supplement were collected and were randomly assigned into four groups: control, air+resveratrol, hyperoxia, and hyperoxia + resveratrol. The PBMCs were cultured in vitro for 48 hours, then the ROS content in PBMCs was measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the medium was measured by the whole spectrum spectrophotometer. SIRT1 positioning was assessed by immunofluorescence. SIRT1 expression levels in PBMCs were measured by Western bolt. Results Compared with the control group, the level of SIRT1 in the air+resveratrol group increased significantly (P<0.05). The levels of ROS and MDA and the SIRT1 transposition rate in the hyperoxia group increased significantly, while the expression level of SIRT1 decreased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). The levels of ROS and MDA and the SIRT1 transposition rate decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the expression level of SIRT1 increased significantly in the hyperoxia+resveratrol group (P<0.05). Conclusions Resveratrol can increase SIRT1 expression in PBMCs and inhibit SIRT1 shuttle from nucleus to cytoplasm in order to increase the ability of antioxidative stress in premature infants exposed to hyperoxia, thereby reducing the oxidative stress injury in premature infants.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 72-77 [Abstract] ( 5109 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1882KB] ( 1111 )
78 DENG Rui, ZHAO Feng-Yan, ZHANG Li, LI De-Yuan, MU De-Zhi
Role of STAT3 signaling pathway in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage of neonatal rats Hot!

Objective To study the role and mechanisms of STAT3 signaling pathway in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) of neonatal rats. Methods Eighty 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: HI and sham-operated (n=40 each). The rats in the HI group were subjected to right carotid artery ligation and subsequent hypoxia exposure (8% O2) for 2.5 hours, and the rats in the sham-operated group underwent the right carotid artery dissection without subsequent ligation or hypoxia treatment. Brain tissue samples were collected at 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after operation and hypoxic exposure. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic cells. Results No significant difference in STAT3 expression was observed at all time points between the HI and sham-operated groups (P>0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, the expression of p-STAT3 protein in the HI group was significantly upregulated at 4, 6, 8, 12 hours after operation and hypoxic exposure, and peaked at 6 hours (P<0.01). The VEGF expression in the HI group was higher than that in the sham-operated group at all time points, which peaked at 8 hours (P<0.05). TUNEL staining showed that the apoptotic cells increased significantly in a time-dependent manner compared with the sham-operated group (P<0.01). Conclusions HI may lead to phosphorylation of STAT3 which probably induces the VEGF expression in the brain of neonatal rats. The activated STAT3 signaling pathway may be involved in the apoptosis regulation of nerve cells, and related to apoptosis inhibition of nerve cells.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 78-84 [Abstract] ( 5631 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3162KB] ( 1165 )
85 ZHANG Jing, CHEN Jing, TAN Xiao-Li, REN Ying-Ge, DU Yong-Ping, ZHANG Yue-Ping
Protective effect of succinic acid on cerebellar Purkinje cells of neonatal rats with convulsion
Objective To investigate the protective effect of succinic acid (SA) on the cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) of neonatal rats with convulsion. Methods A total of 120 healthy neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into a neonatal period group and a developmental period group. Each of the two groups were further divided into 6 sub-groups: normal control, convulsion model, low-dose phenobarbital (PB) (30 mg/ kg), high-dose PB (120 mg/kg), low-dose SA (30 mg/kg), and high-dose SA (120 mg/kg). Intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole was performed to establish the convulsion model. The normal control group was treated with normal saline instead. The rats in the neonatal group were sacrificed at 30 minutes after the injection of PB, SA, or normal saline, and the cerebellum was obtained. Those in the developmental group were sacrificed 30 days after the injection of PB, SA, or normal saline, and the cerebellum was obtained. Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record the action potential (AP) of PCs in the cerebellar slices of neonatal rats; the parallel fibers (PF) were stimulated at a low frequency to induce excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). The effect of SA on long-term depression (LTD) of PCs was observed. Results Compared with the normal control groups, the neonatal and developmental rats with convulsion had a significantly higher AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05), and the developmental rats with convulsion had a significantly decreased threshold stimulus (P<0.01) and a significantly greater inhibition of the amplitude of EPSC in PCs (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control groups, the neonatal and developmental rats with convulsion in the high-dose PB groups had a significantly decreased threshold stimulus (P<0.01), a significantly higher AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05), and a significantly greater inhibition of EPSC in PCs (P<0.05). Compared with the neonatal and developmental rats in the convulsion model groups, those in the high-dose SA groups had a significantly decreased AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05). The developmental rats in the low-and high-dose SA groups had a significantly higher AP threshold than those in the convulsion model group (P<0.05). Conclusions The high excitability of PCs and the abnormal PF-PC synaptic plasticity caused by convulsion in neonatal rats may last to the developmental period, which can be aggravated by PB, while SA can reduce the excitability of PCs in neonatal rats with convulsion and repair the short-and long-term abnormalities of LTD of PCs caused by convulsion.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 85-93 [Abstract] ( 6386 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 2301KB] ( 843 )
94 ZHANG Ran-Ran
Relationship between macrophages and erythropoiesis
Macrophages have two major roles in regulating the dynamic equilibrium in erythropoiesis, promoting the differentiation and maturation of nucleated red blood cells into reticulocytes and removing old red blood cells. A recent mouse study has demonstrated that the phenotype of macrophages in erythroblastic islands is CD169+ VCAM-1+ ER-HR3+ CD11b+ F4/80+ Ly-6G+. Molecular connections between erythroid progenitor cells and central macrophages help to maintain the function and integrity of erythroblastic islands. New research advances in Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) provide new evidence for the important role of macrophages in erythroblastic islands. Macrophages play an important role in erythropoiesis both in sickness and in health, and provide a potential targeted therapy for diseases such as polycythemia vera and beta-thalassemia in the future.
2016 Vol. 18 (1): 94-99 [Abstract] ( 5564 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1471KB] ( 1543 )
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