Abstract Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is responsible for two distinct clinical syndromes in the newborn period categorised as either early- or late-onset GBS disease. Maternal GBS colonization of gastrointestinal tract or vaginal is the major risk factor for GBS diseases. There are two main strategies for identifying women at risk of giving birth to a GBS-infected infant: universal screening strategy and risk-based assessment. In the United States and other countries, the implementation of maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis policies has significantly reduced the incidence of early-onset neonatal GBS disease, but has little effect on the incidence of late-onset GBS disease. Penicillin is the first choice for antibiotic prophylaxis treatment. GBS strains which are isolated from pregnant women who are allergic to penicillin should undergo antibiotic susceptibility testing. Antibiotic prophylaxis measures have some disadvantages, so researchers should actively develop other precautions to prevent GBS infection.
TONG Jing-Jing,YAO Kai-Hu,YANG Yong-Hong. Research advance in prevention policies of neonatal group B Streptococcus infection[J]. CJCP, 2014, 16(10): 1075-1080.
TONG Jing-Jing,YAO Kai-Hu,YANG Yong-Hong. Research advance in prevention policies of neonatal group B Streptococcus infection[J]. CJCP, 2014, 16(10): 1075-1080.
Le Doare K, Heath PT. An overview of global GBSepidemiology [J]. Vaccine, 2013, 31 (Suppl 4): D7-D12.
[2]
Perinatal group B streptococcal disease after universal screeningrecommendations-United States, 2003-2005[J]. MMWR MorbMortal Wkly Rep, 2007, 56(28): 701-705.
[3]
Melin P. Neonatal group B streptococcal disease: frompathogenesis to preventive strategies[J]. Clin Microbiol Infect,2011, 17(9): 1294-1303.
[4]
Edmond KM, Kortsalioudaki C, Scott S, et al. Group Bstreptococcal disease in infants aged younger than 3 months:systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet, 2012,379(9815): 547-556.
[5]
Yu HW, Lin HC, Yang PH, et al. Group B streptococcal infectionin Taiwan: maternal colonization and neonatal infection[J].Pediatr Neonatol, 2011, 52(4): 190-195.
[6]
Jordan HT, Farley MM, Craig A, et al. Revisiting the need forvaccine prevention of late-onset neonatal group B streptococcaldisease: a multistate, population-based analysis[J]. Pediatr InfectDis J, 2008, 27(12): 1057-1064.
[7]
Barbadoro P, Marigliano A, Savini S, et al. Group BStreptococcal sepsis: an old or ongoing threat?[J]. Am J InfectControl, 2011, 39(8): e45-e48.
[8]
Verani JR, Mcgee L, Schrag SJ. Prevention of perinatal group Bstreptococcal revised disease—guidelines from CDC, 2010[J].MMWR Recomm Rep, 2010, 59(RR-10): 1-36.
[9]
Koenig JM, Keenan WJ. Group B streptococcus and early-onsetsepsis in the era of maternal prophylaxis[J]. Pediatr Clin NorthAm, 2009, 56(3): 689-708.
[10]
Randis TM, Polin RA. Early-onset group B Streptococcal sepsis:new recommendations from the Centres for Disease Control andPrevention[J]. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2012, 97(4):F291-F294.
[11]
Chang LY. Maternal colonization and neonatal group Bstreptococcal infection: time to universal screening andintrapartum chemoprophylaxis in Taiwan?[J]. Pediatr Neonatol,2011, 52(4): 181-182.
[12]
Lu B, Li D, Cui Y, et al. Epidemiology of Group B streptococcusisolated from pregnant women in Beijing, China[J]. ClinMicrobiol Infect, 2014, 20(6): 370-373.
[13]
Lo JY. Early-onset group B streptococcus neonatal disease: atarget for prevention?[J]. Hong Kong Med J, 2009, 15(6): 412-413.
[14]
Madzivhandila M, Adrian PV, Cutland CL, et al. Serotypedistribution and invasive potential of group B streptococcusisolates causing disease in infants and colonizing maternalnewborndyads[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(3): e17861.
[15]
Boyer KM, Gotoff SP. Strategies for chemoprophylaxis of GBSearly-onset infections[J]. Antibiot Chemother (1971), 1985, 35:267-280.
[16]
Berardi A, Rossi C, Lugli L, et al. Group B streptococcus late-onset disease: 2003-2010[J]. Pediatrics, 2013, 131(2):e361-e368.
[17]
Lin FY, Weisman LE, Troendle J, et al. Prematurity is the majorrisk factor for late-onset group B streptococcus disease[J]. JInfect Dis, 2003, 188(2): 267-271.
[18]
Johri AK, Paoletti LC, Glaser P, et al. Group B Streptococcus:global incidence and vaccine development[J]. Nat RevMicrobiol, 2006, 4(12): 932-942.
Taminato M, Fram D, Torloni MR, et al. Screening for groupB Streptococcus in pregnant women: a systematic review andmeta-analysis[J]. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2011, 19(6): 1470-1478.
[21]
Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: apublic health perspective. Centers for Disease Control andPrevention[J]. MMWR Recomm Rep, 1996, 45(RR-7): 1-24.
[22]
Kolkman DG, Rijnders ME, Wouters MG, et al. Implementationof a cost-effective strategy to prevent neonatal early-onset groupB haemolytic streptococcus disease in the Netherlands[J]. BMCPregnancy Childbirth, 2013, 13: 155.
Schrag SJ, Zell ER, Lynfield R, et al. A population-basedcomparison of strategies to prevent early-onset group Bstreptococcal disease in neonates[J]. N Engl J Med, 2002,347(4): 233-239.
[25]
Schrag SJ, Zywicki S, Farley MM, et al. Group B streptococcaldisease in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis[J]. NEngl J Med, 2000, 342(1): 15-20.
[26]
Baker CJ, Byington CL, Polin RA. Policy statementrecommendationsfor the prevention of perinatal group Bstreptococcal (GBS) disease[J]. Pediatrics, 2011, 128(3): 611-616.
[27]
Van Dyke MK, Phares CR, Lynfield R, et al. Evaluation ofuniversal antenatal screening for group B streptococcus[J]. NEngl J Med, 2009, 360(25): 2626-2636.
[28]
Mario MJ, Valenzuela I, Vasquez AE, et al. Prevention of earlyonsetneonatal group B streptococcal disease[J]. Rev ObstetGynecol, 2013, 6(2): 63-68.
[29]
Creti R, Berardi A, Baldassarri L, et al. Characteristics ofneonatal GBS disease during a multicentre study (2007-2010)and in the year 2012[J]. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 2013, 49(4): 370-375.
[30]
Melin P, Efstratiou A. Group B streptococcal epidemiologyand vaccine needs in developed countries[J]. Vaccine, 2013, 31(Suppl 4): D31-D42.
[31]
Mclaughlin K, Crowther C. Universal antenatal group Bstreptococcus screening? The opinions of obstetricians andneonatologists within Australia[J]. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol,2010, 50(5): 410-412.
[32]
Gilbert GL, Hewitt MC, Turner CM, et al. Epidemiologyand predictive values of risk factors for neonatal group Bstreptococcal sepsis[J]. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2002,42(5): 497-503.
[33]
Paccione KA, Wiesenfeld HC. Guideline adherence forintrapartum group B streptococci prophylaxis in penicillinallergicpatients[J]. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2013, 2013:917304.
[34]
Garland SM, Cottrill E, Markowski L, et al. Antimicrobialresistance in group B streptococcus: the Australianexperience[J]. J Med Microbiol, 2011, 60(Pt 2): 230-235.
[35]
Clifford V, Heffernan HM, Grimwood K, et al. Variation inerythromycin and clindamycin resistance patterns between NewZealand and Australian group B streptococcus isolates[J]. AustN Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011, 51(4): 328-332.
[36]
Blaschke AJ, Pulver LS, Korgenski EK, et al. Clindamycinresistantgroup B Streptococcus and failure of intrapartumprophylaxis to prevent early-onset disease[J]. J Pediatr, 2010,156(3): 501-503.
[37]
Neu J. Perinatal and neonatal manipulation of the intestinalmicrobiome: a note of caution[J]. Nutr Rev, 2007, 65(6 Pt 1):282-285.
[38]
Schrag SJ, Verani JR. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis forthe prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease:experience in the United States and implications for a potentialgroup B streptococcal vaccine[J]. Vaccine, 2013, 31 (Suppl 4):D20-D26.
[39]
Bauserman MS, Laughon MM, Hornik CP, et al. Group BStreptococcus and Escherichia coli infections in the intensivecare nursery in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2013, 32(3): 208-212.
[40]
Rappuoli R, Black S. Introduction: addressing the challenge ofgroup B streptococcal disease[J]. Vaccine, 2013, 31 (Suppl 4):D1-D2.
[41]
Rodriguez-Granger J, Alvargonzalez JC, Berardi A, et al.Prevention of group B streptococcal neonatal disease revisited.The DEVANI European project[J]. Eur J Clin Microbiol InfectDis, 2012, 31(9): 2097-2104.
[42]
Annati E, Roshani M, Arzanlou M, et al. Capsular serotypeand antibiotic resistance of group B streptococci isolated frompregnant women in Ardabil, Iran[J]. Iran J Microbiol, 2012,4(3): 130-135.
[43]
Madhi SA, Dangor Z, Heath PT, et al. Considerationsfor a phase-III trial to evaluate a group B Streptococcuspolysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in pregnant womenfor the prevention of early- and late-onset invasive disease inyoung-infants[J]. Vaccine, 2013, 31 (Suppl 4): D52-D57.
