CJCP
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2016 Vol.  18 No.  3
Published: 2016-03-15
CLINICAL RESEARCH
CASE ANALYSIS
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
REVIEW
CLINICAL RESEARCH
195 ZHANG Xiao-Rui, ZENG Chao-Mei, LIU Jie
Effect and safety of intensive phototherapy in treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Objective To study the effect and safety of intensive phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods A total of 144 neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were randomly and prospectively divided into intensive phototherapy group and conventional phototherapy group, with 72 neonates in each group. The therapeutic effect and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results Within 12 hours after phototherapy, the total serum bilirubin level in the intensive phototherapy group was significantly lower than in the conventional phototherapy group (P<0.05), and the intensive phototherapy group had a significantly greater reduction in serum bilirubin level than the conventional phototherapy group (P<0.05). The intensives phototherapy group had a significantly shorter time of phototherapy than the conventional phototherapy group (P<0.05). The incidence rates of fever, diarrhea, rash, and hypocalcemia and reductions in blood calcium and hemoglobin levels after phototherapy showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions During the initial stage of phototherapy, intensive phototherapy can quickly and effectively reduce the serum level of bilirubin in neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. It can also shorten the total phototherapy time, and does not increase the incidence of adverse events. Therefore, it is superior to conventional phototherapy.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 195-200 [Abstract] ( 6443 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1073KB] ( 2013 )
201 SHI Bi-Zhen, CHEN Lan, HAN Shu-Ping, CHEN Chao, LIU Ling
Value of hour-specific transcutaneous bilirubin nomogram for prediction of hyperbilirubinemia in healthy neonates
Objective To plot a hour-specific transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) nomogram for healthy neonates, and to evaluate its value for prediction of the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods A total of 5 250 healthy fullterm or near-term neonates (gestational age ≥35 weeks, birth weight ≥2 000 g) were enrolled as subjects. Their TCB values were continuously recorded for 168 hours after birth. The TCB values in the high-risk zones of three time periods, 24-48, 49-72, and 73-96 hours after birth, were used as predictors. The hour-specific TCB nomogram combined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of hour-specific TCB nomogram for hyperbilirubinemia. Results According to the hour-specific TCB nomogram, the TCB value dramatically increased during 16-72 hours after birth, and the increase slowed down gradually during 72-144 hours. Finally, the curve reached a plateau after 144 hours. Particularly, the P95 of TCB had been stabilized at 96 hours. The P40, P75, and P95 peak values of TCB were 173, 217, and 248 μmol/L, respectively. For the prediction of hyperbilirubinemia, the areas under the ROC curve of TCB at 24-48, 49-72, and 73-96 hours after birth were 0.77, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively. The high-risk zones at 24-48, 49-72, and 73-96 hours after birth predicted the incidence rates of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia as 35.03%, 43.35%, and 79.95%, respectively, with positive likelihood ratios of 3.35, 4.75, and 22.70, respectively. Conclusions The hour-specific TCB nomogram and the division of TCB risk zones can give a satisfactory prediction of the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The neonate with a bilirubin level in the high-risk zone within 73-96 hours after birth is likely to have hyperbilirubinemia after 73-96 hours.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 201-205 [Abstract] ( 5162 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1142KB] ( 1310 )
206 YU Mei, HUANG Jin-Hua, ZHU Rong, ZHANG Xu-Zhong, WU Wan-Yun, WEN Xiao-Hong
Effect of caffeine citrate on early pulmonary function in preterm infants with apnea
Objective To investigate the effect of caffeine citrate treatment on early pulmonary function in preterm infants with apnea. Methods Forty preterm infants with apnea were randomly divided into aminophylline treatment group (20 infants) and caffeine citrate treatment group (20 infants). When the preterm infants experienced apnea after birth, they were given aminophylline or caffeine citrate in addition to assisted ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). After drug discontinuation, pulmonary function was measured and compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, compared with the aminophylline treatment group, the caffeine citrate treatment group had significantly higher tidal volume, minute ventilation volume, ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time, ratio of volume to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory volume, peak expiratory flow, and breathing flow at 75%, 50%, and 25% of tidal volume (P<0.05). The caffeine citrate treatment group had a significantly shorter time of oxygen use and NCPAP support than the aminophylline treatment group (P<0.01). Compared with the aminophylline treatment group, the caffeine citrate treatment group had a significantly lower frequency of apnea attacks (P<0.01). Conclusions In the treatment of apnea in preterm infants, caffeine citrate can improve early pulmonary function and reduce the incidence of apnea.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 206-210 [Abstract] ( 5958 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1004KB] ( 1551 )
211 ZHANG Yuan-Da, LI Rong-Min, JI Chao-Yu, ZHANG Xiao-Long, ZHANG Yu, DONG Qing-Wei, MA Lei
Changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level and its significance in children with Kawasaki disease
Objective To investigate the changes in the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] and its significance in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods The clinical data of 242 KD children were collected. According to the presence or absence of coronary artery lesion (CAL), these children were classified into CAL group (63 children) and non-CAL (NCAL) group (179 children). According to the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), these children were classified into IVIG-sensitive group (219 children) and no-IVIG-response group (23 children). A total of 40 healthy children (control group) and 40 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI group) were enrolled as controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure the serum level of 25-(OH)D3. Results Before IVIG treatment, the AURI, NCAL, and CAL groups had significantly lower serum levels of 25-(OH)D3 than the control group (P<0.05); the CAL group had a significantly lower serum level of 25-(OH)D3 than the AURI and NCAL groups (P<0.05); the AURI, IVIG-sensitive, and no-IVIG-response groups had significantly lower serum levels of 25-(OH)D3 than the control group (P<0.05); the no-IVIG-response group had a significantly lower serum level of 25-(OH)D3 than the AURI and IVIG-sensitive groups (P<0.05). After IVIG treatment, the CAL group had a significantly lower serum level of 25-(OH)D3 than the NCAL and control groups (P<0.05); the no-IVIG-response group had a significantly lower serum level of 25-(OH)D3 than the IVIG-sensitive and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusions KD children may experience a reduction in the serum level of 25-(OH)D3. With a greater reduction in the serum level of 25-(OH)D3, the possibility of CAL and KD with no response to treatment increases.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 211-214 [Abstract] ( 5081 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1083KB] ( 1128 )
215 LI Hong-Ri, LI Wei, GUO Lin-Ying, CUI Xiao-Dai, ZHANG Qi, SONG Guo-Wei
Vitamin D level in children with bloodstream infection
Objective To investigate the difference in serum 25(OH)D level between children with bloodstream infection and healthy children. Methods A case-control study was conducted among 60 children with bloodstream infection who were hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2013 and had positive results of two blood cultures. Meanwhile, 60 aged-matched healthy children who underwent physical examination during the same period of time were enrolled as the healthy control group. Chemiluminescence was applied to measure the serum 25(OH)D level, and the constituent ratios of children with different serum 25(OH)D levels were compared between the two groups. Results The bloodstream infection group had a significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level than the healthy control group (P<0.01). Compared with the healthy control group, the bloodstream group had significantly lower constituent ratios of children with normal Vitamin D level (8% vs 35%) or vitamin D insufficiency (22% vs 43%) (P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the bloodstream group had significantly higher constituent ratios of children with vitamin D deficiency (42% vs 13%) or severely vitamin D deficiency (28% vs 8%) (P<0.01). Conclusions Vitamin D insufficiency prevails among children, and children with bloodstream infection have a significantly lower serum 25(OH) D level than healthy children.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 215-218 [Abstract] ( 4789 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1050KB] ( 1041 )
219 CAO Li-Jing, GENG Wen-Jin, XU Mei-Xian, HUO Xi-Min, WANG Xiao-Dong, SHI Xiao-Na
Effect of continuous hemofiltration on inflammatory mediators and hemodynamics in children with severe hand, foot and mouth disease
Objective To investigate the effect of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on inflammatory mediators in children with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and to investigate its clinical efficacy. Methods A total of 36 children with stage IV HFMD were enrolled and randomly divided into conventional treatment group and CVVH group (n=18 each). The children in the CVVH group were given CVVH for 48 hours in addition to the conventional treatment. The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lactic acid in peripheral venous blood, heart rate, blood pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured before treatment and after 24 and 48 hours of treatment. Results After 24 hours of treatment, the conventional treatment group had a significantly reduced serum IL-2 level (P<0.01), and the CVVH treatment group had significantly reduced serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α (P<0.05). After 48 hours of treatment, both groups had significantly reduced serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α (P<0.01), and the CVVH group had significantly lower levels of these inflammatory factors than the conventional treatment group (P<0.01). After 48 hours of treatment, heart rate, systolic pressure, and blood lactic acid level were significantly reduced, and left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased in both groups, and the CVVH group had significantly greater changes in these indices except systolic pressure than the conventional treatment group (P<0.01). Conclusions CVVH can effectively eliminate inflammatory factors, reduce heart rate and venous blood lactic acid, and improve heart function in children with severe HFMD.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 219-223 [Abstract] ( 5482 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1167KB] ( 1056 )
224 ZHANG Mei-Juan, YUAN Tian-Ming, WANG Li-Zhen
Risk factors for hearing impairment induced by cytomegalovirus infection
Objective To investigate the risk factors for hearing impairment induced by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children. Methods One hundred and fifty-eight children diagnosed with CMV infection were enrolled as subjects. Based on the results of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) test, patients were classified into normal hearing group (n=117; BAEP ≤35) and abnormal hearing group (n=41; BAEP >35). A retrospective analysis was performed on the general information, routine blood indices, liver function, copy number of CMV-DNA in urine and breast milk. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predict the copy number of CMV-DNA resulting in abnormal BAEP. The Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to test the correlations of the copy number of CMV-DNA in urine with the degree of hearing impairment and platelet count. Results The incidence rates of platelet abnormality and abnormal liver function and the copy number of CMV-DNA in urine were significantly higher in the abnormal hearing group than in the normal hearing group (P<0.01). According to the ROC curve, the copy number of CMV-DNA in urine had a sensitivity of 46.3% and a specificity of 93.2% in predicting hearing impairment when it reached 1.415×106 per mL. The results of correlation analysis showed that the degree of hearing impairment was positively correlated with the copy number of CMV-DNA (r=0.382, P<0.01); the platelet count was negatively correlated with the copy number of CMV-DNA in urine (r=-0.233, P=0.003). Conclusions An increased copy number of CMV-DNA in urine might be a risk factor for hearing impairment induced by CMV infection. Children are likely to have hearing impairment when the copy number of CMV-DNA reaches 1.415×106 per mL. The monitoring of hearing should be strengthened in CMV-infected children with a decreased platelet count.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 224-228 [Abstract] ( 5193 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1266KB] ( 1128 )
229 JIA Li-Ting, LI Jing, YUE Xiao-Xin, ZHANG Yu-Chao, SHI Ying, LI Jun-Fang, MA Xiao-Tian, WANG Xiu-Fang
Changes in lymphocyte subsets in infants with common lower respiratory tract infectious diseases
Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of lymphocyte subsets in infants with bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and bronchiolitis. Methods A total of 111 children with bronchitis, 418 children with bronchopneumonia, and 83 children with bronchiolitis were enrolled as disease groups, and 235 healthy children were enrolled as control group. Flow cytometry was applied to measure lymphocyte subsets. Results The bronchitis group had significantly lower numbers of T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells than the control group (P<0.05). The bronchopneumonia group had significantly lower numbers of T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells, a significantly higher number of T helper (Th) cells, and a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio than the control group, as well as a significantly higher number of Th cells than the bronchitis group. Compared with the children with mild bronchopneumonia, those with severe bronchopneumonia showed a reduction in T cells and an increase in B cells (P<0.05). The bronchiolitis group had a significantly higher number of Th cells, a significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratio, and a significantly lower number of CD3+CD8+ T cells than the control group (P<0.01). The disease groups showed a significantly higher number of B cells and a significantly lower number of natural killer cells than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions A low, disturbed cellular immune function and a high humoral immune function are involved in the development and progression of lower respiratory tract infectious diseases. The changes in immune function are related to the type and severity of diseases.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 229-232 [Abstract] ( 4503 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1094KB] ( 961 )
233 WANG Fang, ZHANG Ying-Hui
Relationship of cystatin C, fibrinogen, and 24-hour urinary protein with renal pathological grade in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis
Objective To study the relationship of cystatin C (CysC), fibrinogen (Fbg), and 24-hour urinary protein with renal pathological grade in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), and to explore their values. Methods The clinical data of 48 children diagnosed with HSPN by renal biopsy from January 2011 to January 2015 were reviewed. According to renal pathological grading, in the 48 children with HSPN, 12 had stage IIa or lower, 12 stage IIb, 17 stage IIIa, and 7 stage IIIb or higher. The latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay, turbidimetric measurement, and end-point method were used to determine the levels of serum CysC, Fbg, and 24-hour urinary protein, respectively. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to test the correlations between the indices and between the indices and renal pathological grade. Results There were significant differences in the levels of serum CysC, Fbg, and 24-hour urinary protein between patients with different pathological grades (P<0.05). The level of each index increased with increasing pathological grade (P<0.05). In the 48 children with HSPN, the level of 24-hour urine protein was positively correlated with the levels of serum CysC (r=0.51, P<0.05) and Fbg (r=0.63, P<0.05). The level of Fbg was positively correlated with that of serum CysC (r=0.55, P<0.05). The levels of CysC, Fbg, and 24-hour urinary protein were all positively correlated with renal pathological grade (r=0.66, 0.64 and 0.68; respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions The levels of CysC, Fbg, and 24-hour urine protein can reflect the severity of renal injury, providing satisfactory prediction of the severity of renal injury in children with HSPN.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 233-237 [Abstract] ( 4878 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1359KB] ( 1213 )
238 WANG Ying-Chao, LIU Man-Ju, ZHU Gui-Ying, WANG Jun-Bo, JIANG Lan-Jun
Significance of Th17/Treg imbalance in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Objective To investigate the significance of Th17/Treg imbalance in the development and treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children. Methods Thirty-two children diagnosed with ITP between May and August, 2015 and 22 healthy children were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to determine the Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood of healthy children and children with ITP before and after treatment with immunoglobulin. Results Compared with the patients with ITP before treatment, the healthy children and the patients treated with immunoglobulin had a significantly lower percentage of Th17 cells in CD4+ T cells, a significantly lower Th17/Treg ratio, and a significantly higher percentage of Treg cells in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood (P<0.05). In the 32 ITP children treated with immunoglobulin, 20 had complete response, 4 had response, and 8 had no response. The patients with complete response had a significantly lower percentage of Th17 cells in CD4+ T cells and a significantly lower Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood than the patients without response (P<0.05). Conclusions The Th17/Treg imbalance can be found in children with ITP. Immunoglobulin can improve the cellular immune function by regulation of the Th17/Treg ratio. The Th17/Treg ratio may serve as an indicator for assessing the therapeutic effects of ITP.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 238-242 [Abstract] ( 4850 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1458KB] ( 981 )
243 LIU Yan, LIU Sheng, WU Hong-Hui, ZHANG Xiang
Association between IL1R1 gene polymorphisms and childhood asthma
Objective To investigate the association of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL1R1 gene (rs1558641 and rs949963) with the susceptibility to asthma in children from Central China. Methods A casecontrol study was performed in the asthma group and the control group, consisting of 208 children with asthma and 223 normal children from Central China, respectively. The genotypes of two SNPs in IL1R1 gene, rs1558641 and rs949963, were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The serum level of IL1R1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of rs1558641 between the asthma and control groups. In terms of rs949963, the frequencies of GG genotype and alleles were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (P<0.05). The asthma group had a significantly higher serum level of IL1R1 than the control group (P=0.011). Moreover, the serum level of IL1R1 was significantly higher in patients with GG genotype than in those with AA or AG genotype for rs949963 (P=0.028). Conclusions IL1R1 SNP rs949963 is associated with the susceptibility to asthma in children from Central China and may increase the serum expression of IL1R1.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 243-246 [Abstract] ( 4878 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1140KB] ( 992 )
247 QIE Di, YANG Fan
Efficacy of different doses of recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of short stature in children born small for gestational age
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of different doses of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in the treatment of short stature in children born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods A total of 37 children with short stature born SGA were enrolled, and based on the dose of rhGH treatment, they were divided into low-dose rhGH group (0.1-0.15 IU/kg daily) and high-dose rhGH group (0.16-0.2 IU/kg daily). The changes in height standard deviation score (ΔHtSDS), height velocity (HV), serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and fasting blood glucose at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results ΔHtSDS and HV both increased after the treatment with high-and low-dose rhGH, but ΔHtSDS and HV in the high-dose rhGH group were significantly higher than in the lowdose rhGH group 9, 12 and 24 months after treatment (P<0.05). Both high-and low-dose rhGH treatment increased serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. Serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were positively correlated with HtSDS in both groups. One child each in the high-and low-dose rhGH groups experienced transient slight increase in fasting blood glucose (6.1 mmol/L). There were no cases of abnormal thyroid function. Conclusions rhGH has good efficacy in the treatment of short stature in children born SGA, with few adverse events, and high-dose rhGH has some advantages over low-dose rhGH.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 247-253 [Abstract] ( 5844 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1789KB] ( 1202 )
254 ZOU Dong-Fang, ZENG Hong-Wu, YU Jie, MAI Hui-Rong, YUAN Xiu-Li, WANG Li-Hong, LIAO Jian-Xiang, WEN Fei-Qiu
Brain injury after induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Objective To investigate the changes in brain injury after the induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by cranial MRI. Methods The clinical data and cranial MRI results of 62 children with ALL who were hospitalized from March 2014 to June 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Before chemotherapy, MRI showed bone marrow infiltration of the skull in 33 patients (53%); the children with WBC <20×109/L had a significantly lower incidence rate of bone marrow infiltration of the skull than those with WBC ≥20×109/L (16 patients/42% vs 17 patients/71%; P<0.05), and the high-risk group had a significantly higher incidence rate of bone marrow infiltration of the skull than the non-high-risk group (71% vs 44%; P<0.05). Before chemotherapy, there were 4 cases (7%) of brain atrophy, and 2 cases (3%) of abnormal signals in the sensory conduction bundle. MRI reexamination in 28 patients after 3 months of chemotherapy showed 3 new cases (11%) of brain atrophy and 1 aggravated case of brain atrophy. Conclusions The children with ALL have bone marrow infiltration of the skull, brain atrophy, and abnormal signals in the sensory conduction bundle before chemotherapy, especially bone marrow infiltration of the skull, and some changes in brain injury disappear after treatment.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 254-258 [Abstract] ( 5060 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1552KB] ( 1022 )
200
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 200-200 [Abstract] ( 1826 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 709KB] ( 455 )
218
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 218-218 [Abstract] ( 1804 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 741KB] ( 489 )
223
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 223-223 [Abstract] ( 1689 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 724KB] ( 483 )
228
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 228-228 [Abstract] ( 1673 ) [HTML KB] [PDF 680KB] ( 469 )
CASE ANALYSIS
259 TANG Xiao-Yan, XIAO Juan, WANG Wei, MA Jing-Ran
Recurrent bleeding tendency in a school-aged boy
The study reports a boy with alpha1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh mutation. The boy was admitted into the hospital because of recurrent joint hematoma. The laboratory examinations revealed that prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged and cannot be corrected by 1:1 fresh plasma. The inhibitor of factor VIII, anticardiolipin antibody and lupus anticoagulant were all negative. Platelet aggregation test indicated the existence of the inhibitor of thrombin. Alpha1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh mutation was confirmed by genomic sequencing. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this disorder are discussed in this paper.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 259-262 [Abstract] ( 4588 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 865KB] ( 1103 )
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
263 HUANG Yang, CHEN Hong-Ju, ZHU Jiang-Hu, ZHAO Feng-Yan, QU Yi, MU De-Zhi
Effects of PINK1 gene on cell apoptosis and cell autophagy in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage Hot!

Objective To study the effect of PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten induced putative kinase 1) gene on cell apoptosis and cell autophagy in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods Seventy-two wild-type C57BL/6 mice and 72 PINK1 gene knockout neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated wild-type (SWT), HIBD model wild-type (MWT), shamoperated knockout (SKO) and HIBD model knockout (MKO). HIBD model was prepared by low oxygen exposure for 2.5 hours after right carotid artery ligation. After 24 hours of hypoxia-ischemia treatment, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl four azole nitrogen chloride) staining was used to measure brain infarct volume. The immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of cell apoptosis protein cleaved-caspase-3 (CC3) in brain tissues. The TUNEL method was used to measure cell apoptosis. The immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to measure the expression of cell autophagy protein LC3. Results Compared with the MWT group, the infarct volume of brain tissues was markedly reduced in the MKO group (P<0.05), the number of apoptotic cells and the cell apoptosis index were markedly decreased in the MKO group (P<0.05), the expression of apoptosis protein CC3 was significantly reduced in the MKO group (P<0.05), the expression of cell autophagy protein LC3 was significantly decreased in the MKO group, and the autophagy indicator LC3II/LC3I was also markedly reduced in the MKO group (P<0.05). Conclusions PINK1 gene knockout can protect neonatal mice from HIBD.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 263-269 [Abstract] ( 5808 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 3581KB] ( 1201 )
270 HAN Xing, DING Xin, XU Li-Xiao, LIU Ming-Hua, FENG Xing
Expression profiles of miRNA-182 and Clock mRNA in the pineal gland of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage
Objective To study the changes of miRNA expression in the pineal gland of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and the possible roles of miRNA in the pathogenesis of circadian rhythm disturbance after HIBD. Methods Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: HIBD and sham-operated. HIBD was induced according to the Rice-Vannucci method. The pineal glands were obtained 24 hours after the HIBD event. The expression profiles of miRNAs were determined using GeneChip technigue and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Then the miRNA which was highly expressed was selected. The expression levels of the chosen miRNA were detected in different tissues (lungs, intestines, stomach, kidneys, cerebral cortex, pineal gland). RT-PCR analysis was performed to measure the expression profiles of the chosen miRNA and the targeted gene Clock mRNA in the pineal gland at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after HIBD. Results miRNA-182 that met the criteria was selected by GeneChip and RT-PCR. miRNA-182 was highly expressed in the pineal gland. Compared with the shamoperated group, the expression of miRNA-182 was significantly up-regulated in the pineal gland at 24 and 48 hours after HIBD (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, Clock mRNA expression in the HIBD group increased at 0 hour after HIBD, decreased at 48 hours after HIBD and increased at 72 hours after HIBD (P<0.05). Conclusions miRNA-182 may be involved in the pathogenesis of circadian rhythm disturbance after HIBD.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 270-276 [Abstract] ( 5367 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1486KB] ( 1258 )
277 WU Bin, XU Chun, HUANG Huan-Huan
Expression profiles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the spinal dorsal horn of young rats with visceral hypersensitivity
Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the spinal dorsal horn and the increase in visceral hypersensitivity in young rats by establishing a young rat model of visceral hypersensitivity by neonatal maternal separation (NMS). Methods Thirty-two newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups by a 2×2 factorial design: control, NMS, colorectal distension (CRD), and NMS+CRD. The newborn rats in the NMS and NMS+CRD groups were subjected to 3-hour daily maternal separation from days 2 to 14 after birth to establish a model of visceral hypersensitivity, while the rats in the control and CRD groups received no treatment after birth. At 6 weeks after birth, the CRD and CRD+NMS groups received CRD stimulation. The streptavidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of BDNF in the spinal dorsal horn. The immunohistochemical score (IHS) was calculated based on the percentage of BDNF-positive cells and color intensity. The percentage of BDNF-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn and IHS were analyzed by factorial analysis of variance. Results The expression of BDNF was detected bilaterally in the spinal dorsal horn at different levels in the four groups. The percentage of BDNF-positive cells and IHS were significantly higher in the NMS and NMS+CRD groups than in the control group (P<0.05). The results of factorial analysis of variance indicated that NMS significantly increased the percentage of BDNF-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn and IHS; a single CRD stimulation had no effects on the IHS of BDNF-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn; there was no interaction between NMS and a single CRD stimulation. Conclusions The over-expression of BDNF in the spinal dorsal horn may be involved in high visceral hypersensitivity in young rats induce by NMS.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 277-281 [Abstract] ( 4705 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1705KB] ( 929 )
REVIEW
282 YANG Zhi-Liang, SUN Gui-Lian
Research advances in candidate genes for autism spectrum disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a kind of neurodevelopmental multigenic disorder. More than one hundred of candidate genes for ASD have been reported. The candidate gene research for ASD involves in chromosome loci and screening of candidate genes and epigenetic abnormalities for candidate genes. The reported genes encode neural adhesion molecules, ion channels, scaffold proteins, protein kinases, receptor protein and carrier protein, signaling modulate molecules and circadian relevant proteins. The research of mutation screening and expression regulation of candidate genes can help to elucidate genetic mechanisms for ASD, and may provide new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. This article reviews the research advance in candidate genes for ASD.
2016 Vol. 18 (3): 282-287 [Abstract] ( 4951 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 1326KB] ( 1757 )
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